Different kinds of bacteria normally live in the vagina. Sometimes, certain types of bacteria can multiply and outnumber others, leading to bacterial vaginosis. If you are infected, you may not even know it because symptoms don't always show up. Bacterial vaginosis may lead to serious diseases or pregnancy problems, so it is important to be aware of and to tell your doctor if you have symptoms.
Discharge
On occasion, you may notice discharge from your vagina. This is normal. However, if you notice more discharge than usual or if the discharge is accompanied by a fishy odor, this could be a sign of bacterial vaginosis. The discharge is made up of white blood cells that your body makes to help fight infection. With bacterial vaginosis, the discharge may look clear, grayish white or yellow. It also may appear milky or thin.
Odor
Discharge accompanied by a fishy odor is the main sign of bacterial vaginosis. You may notice the odor especially after your period or during sex. This is because organic compounds called amines interact with menstrual blood and semen. Amines also interact with chemicals in douche products. Some doctors do not recommend douching because it can affect the normal acidity balance in the vagina, which can lead to or worsen infections like bacterial vaginosis.
Pain and Burning
Pain and burning when urinating or during sex are other symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. These sensations occur when the vulva is inflamed. The vulva is the external female organs that surround the vagina, including the clitoris and two fleshy folds called the labia majora and labia minora.
You should see your doctor if you are experiencing pain. If you experience pain during sex, you can try to relieve it using a water-soluble lubricant. If you recently have given birth, be gentle and patient when engaging in sex. Consider waiting at least six weeks before resuming intercourse.
Itching
An inflamed vulva also can cause itching and irritation. The itching and irritation can occur anytime, but it most often is felt at night. Itching is not a common symptom of bacterial vaginosis, and it may be a sign of other conditions.
See Your Doctor
If you experience any symptoms, be sure to discuss them with your doctor. She may want to examine you. Schedule the appointment during a time that you are not menstruating. Before your appointment, avoid using vaginal deodorant spray because it may cover up odors that will help your doctor diagnose the problem. Try to avoid sex and using tampons or douches at least 24 hours before your appointment.
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Bacterial Vaginosis - CDC Fact Sheet
- Center for Young Women's Health: Bacterial Vaginosis
- DynaMed: Bacterial Vaginosis
- "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine"; Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Braunwald E, et al.; 2005
- Nursing Reference Center: Bacterial Vaginosis
