Herpes simplex viruses commonly cause a variety of infections of the moist tissue regions of the body and demonstrate an affinity for the cells that comprise these tissues known as epithelial cells. Common sites of herpes infection include the genitals, mouth, lips and eyes. Both variants of the herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2, may cause infections.
Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is a herpes simplex infection of the skin of the genital or anal region. The infection is transmitted through anal and vaginal intercourse, oral sex and hand-to-genital sexual contact. Genital herpes may cause recurring outbreaks of painful genital blisters. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) points out, however, that most people who contract genital herpes do not develop symptoms. Importantly, anyone with genital herpes can transmit the virus to others, regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. CDC estimates more than 16 percent of the U.S. population ages 14 through 49 have genital herpes.
Herpetic Stomatitis
Herpetic stomatitis is a herpes infection of the mouth, which most commonly occurs in children. Some infections produce few symptoms, while others cause mouth ulcers, mouth pain, fever, difficulty swallowing, gum swelling and drooling. The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that the antiviral drug acyclovir may be prescribed to shorten the duration of the illness, which typically clears within approximately 10 days. A topical anesthetic can help relieve mouth pain in older children. Avoiding spicy, acidic, salty and hot foods to prevent aggravation of mouth pain.
Cold Sores
Cold sores, also known as herpes labialis, are caused by activation of dormant herpes simplex infection of the skin around the mouth. MayoClinic.com notes that many people experience local tingling or itching a few days before the appearance of a cold sore. This occurs because the virus lives in the nerve cells. As the virus reactivates, the nerve may be irritated, provoking unusual sensations. Cold sores appear as painful blisters that rupture and heal, usually within 10 to 14 days. Topical anesthetics may be useful for relieving pain associated with a cold sore. Antiviral medications may shorten the duration of a cold sore if taken as soon as symptoms occur.
Ocular Herpes
Herpes simplex infections of the eye can occur in different forms. Infection of the cornea---the transparent part of the eye in front of the colored area---is herpes keratitis, the most frequent type of herpes eye infection. Blistering similar to that which occurs with a cold sore can develop on the surface of the cornea. Healing typically transpires without scarring. A deeper infection of the cornea, stromal keratitis, may cause corneal scarring and visual impairment, notes the patient information website AllAboutVision.com. Herpes infections of the interior eye structures also pose a serious threat to visual health.
