Meniere's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder that is characterized by hearing loss, ringing in the ear and episodes of vertigo, which are spinning sensations that cause dizziness and nausea. In most cases, Meniere's disease only affects one ear; however, some people with the disease are affected in both ears. Meniere's disease is not fatal and does not usually result in future complications.
Causes
The inner ear contains fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. These tubes help the body to maintain its balance and stay upright. Meniere's disease occurs when the part of the semicircular canal called the endolymphatic sac becomes swollen, causing the body to feel off-balance, according to Medline Plus. This feeling of imbalance results in spinning sensations and dizziness. There are several conditions believed to cause the swelling of the endolymphatic sac. These conditions include head trauma, ear infection, viral infection, allergies and immune disorders. Genetics may also predispose a person to developing Meniere's disease.
Symptoms
Although considered a chronic condition, symptoms of Meniere's disease come and go in "attacks." The primary symptom of Meniere's disease is vertigo, or dizziness, and can cause a person to fall down. Other symptoms include hearing loss, ringing in the ear, sweating, uncontrollable eye movement, nausea and vomiting.
Tests
A neurological examination is used to diagnosis Meniere's disease. The neurological examination assesses hearing, balance and eye movement using a variety of different tests. If Meniere's disease is suspected, other tests will also be performed to rule out other, more serious causes of symptoms. These tests include magnetic resonance imaging, computerized topography and auditory brainstem response audiometry, which can detect the presence of a tumor that may be the cause of dizziness and hearing problems.
Treatment
Although there is no cure for Meniere's disease, there are treatment options available that can help to reduce symptoms. Motion sickness and anti-nausea medications can be taken during episodes of dizziness to lessen the severity. Diuretics can be taken to reduce the fluid that accumulates in the ear. Hearing aids may also be prescribed by an audiologist if hearing loss is severe. Lifestyle modifications can also aid in the reduction of Meniere's disease symptoms. Avoiding salt in the diet can help to reduce the retention of fluid in the body, which will decrease fluid in the ear, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Caffeine and alcohol intake should be limited. Sudden movements, bright lights and television can set off an attack so it is best to avoid these triggers. If the case of Meniere's disease is severe, ear surgery may be necessary.
Self-care
Since attacks cannot be completely prevented, it is important for someone with Meniere's disease to learn how to handle the attacks. During an episode, you should sit or lie down immediately to avoid falling. Eye focus should be on a still object so as to decrease dizziness and nausea. If heavy attacks are experienced frequently, you should avoid operation of a motor vehicle or heavy machinery.
