Anemia is a medical condition that occurs when the body has unusually low levels of red blood cells. During periods of rapid growth, it can be difficult for a baby's body to generate adequate levels of red blood cells. As a result, babies between 9 and 18 months of age are at the highest risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia, according to the most recent statistics provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A parent or caregiver who observes any of the symptoms of anemia in their baby should take the infant to a doctor for further evaluation and care.
Pale Skin, Lips or Nails
Red blood cells are responsible for giving blood its red color, which provides a baby's skin with a healthy, pink glow. If a baby's body doesn't have enough red blood cells, his skin, lips or nail beds can appear unusually white or pale, says the National Anemia Action Council. A parent or caregiver may also notice that the baby's hands or feet are unusually cold to the touch. Babies who suddenly appear ill or sickly should be seen by a pediatrician as soon as possible as pale skin can also be a sign of alternate medical problems, such as infection.
Rapid Breathing or Heart Rate
Inadequate red blood cells levels in the body can affect a baby's breathing and heart rates. The heart attempts to compensate for low red blood cells levels by increasing the rate at which it pumps blood through the body. As a result, a baby with anemia can develop a rapid heartbeat that is accompanied by an increased breathing rate. These effects of anemia can cause unusually sensations of dizziness or lightheadedness in affected babies, explains KidsHealth, a children's health information website supported by the Nemours Foundation.
Fatigue or Irritability
Increased fatigue or tiredness can arise as symptoms of anemia in babies, explain medical experts at Texas Children's Pediatric Associates. Without sufficient levels of red blood cells and oxygen, a baby's cells, tissues and organs can't produce energy. As a result, a baby may appear unusually tired or may be difficult to wake up in the morning or after a nap. Excessive fatigue can also contribute to increased irritability or fussiness.
Poor Appetite
A baby with anemia can exhibit a poor appetite and may not be interested in breast feeding or drinking a bottle at mealtime, according to the National Anemia Action Council. Babies who persistently refuse to eat require further evaluation and care from a medical professional immediately.
References
- KidsHealth: Anemia
- National Anemia Action Council: Anemia in Children - Infants Need Their Iron
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Recommendations to Prevent and Control Iron Deficiency in the United States
- Texas Children's Pediatric Associates: Anemia of the Newborn
- PennState Children's Hospital: Anemia
