Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, or pigment-producing cells that give the skin its color. Melanomas typically begin on the surface of the skin. Melanomas can also rarely form on the eyes, intestines and mouth. They commonly occur in areas like the back, legs, arms and face that are exposed to the sun's rays. A change in the appearance of a mole or a pigmented area may point to a melanoma. If recognized early, these can be treated successfully.
Causes
Excessive exposure to sun and ultraviolet rays is related to melanoma. Use of tanning booths and devices increases the risk of melanoma. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, having 50 or more moles increases the chances of getting a melanoma. Fair-skinned people are more prone as are those with relatives who have had melanoma.
Features
Most melanomas appear brown or black. A new mole, growth or lump on the skin may be the first symptom. Change in the size, shape or color of a mole is often the first sign of melanoma. According to National Cancer Institute, the following features may point to a melanoma: A mole that has irregular borders, has more than one color, itches, bleeds and has a diameter more than 6 mm or about 1/4 inch may indicate a melanoma.
Diagnosis
The doctor will examine your skin for any suspicious moles or birthmarks that look abnormal in size, shape or color. If he suspects a melanoma, he will perform a biopsy. According to National Institutes of Health, a biopsy will diagnose melanoma. Biopsy involves removal of the growth, and then examining the tissue under a microscope. The pathologist will confirm the diagnosis of melanoma if melanoma cells are present.
Expert Insight
An early and thin melanoma limited to the skin can be entirely removed by surgery. According to MayoClinic.com, melanomas that have spread beyond the skin to the lymphatic system will need additional surgery to remove the lymph nodes. Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to destroy cancer cells and radiation treatment are used to treat advanced melanomas, which have spread beyond the skin.
Prevention/Solution
Melanoma can be prevented by avoiding excessive exposure to sun, and especially when the rays are at its peak between 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Using a good sunscreen helps provide protection from ultraviolet rays. Avoiding tanning devices and wearing protective clothing also protects against melanoma.
