Fertilization is the joining of the sperm with an egg and usually occurs in the fallopian tube. About six days later, the fertilized egg will attach to the wall of the uterus and continue to grow. Pregnancy symptoms may develop over the course of the next few weeks. Some side effects may develop as early as a week in, while others may develop in four to six weeks.
Vaginal Discharge and Bleeding
Women may notice a change in vaginal discharge. The cervical mucus, which is the normal secretion that occurs throughout the menstrual cycle, may increase and become thicker. According the “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach,” a bluish discoloration of the mucus membrane on the inside of the vagina may occur.
A delayed or missed period is usually one of the first signs of pregnancy a woman may notice. Vaginal bleeding may be seen in 10 to 14 days after conception. Women may experience spotting, known as implantational bleeding, and cramping. This type of bleeding is lighter in color and duration than a normal period.
Breast Changes
Pregnancy causes changes in the levels of hormones, which lead to tender or swollen breasts. Breasts may feel sore and fuller or heavier. This may occur as early as one or two weeks after conception, explains MayoClinic.com. The skin around the nipples may darken and enlarge, as well. These changes occur because the breasts are preparing for the production of milk.
Nausea and Vomiting
Women may experience nausea and vomiting at approximately six weeks of pregnancy, states “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach.” This is referred to as morning sickness, but may occur at any time during the day. During pregnancy, estrogen levels rise, leading to a slower gastric emptying time. Pregnant women should drink plenty of water and eat bland food, such as crackers and toast. Over-the-counter medication is not recommended during pregnancy; women should always discuss any issues or concerns with a physician. Nausea and vomiting usually resolve in about 12 to 18 weeks, but may persist throughout the entire pregnancy.
Headache and Fatigue
A common side effect of the increased levels of hormones during pregnancy is headache. Fatigue is also common early in pregnancy. A hormone called progesterone begins to increase, causing sleepiness. Blood pressure and blood-sugar levels may also decrease energy levels in pregnant women.
Constipation and Urination
Constipation is due to an increased level of progesterone in the body. It causes food to pass slowly through the intestines. Increased urination may occur around six to eight weeks after conception, states the American Pregnancy Association. As the pregnancy reaches the second and third trimesters, the growing fetus will press on the bladder, leading to an increased urgency and frequency to go to the bathroom.
