Sinusitis is a condition in which the cavities surrounding the nasal passages become swollen and inflamed. The inflammation interferes with proper drainage of the sinuses and results in the build-up of mucus. Bacterial infections are a common cause of sinusitis. When bacteria are the cause of the sinus infection, different types of antibiotics can be used to kill the bacteria and treat the infection.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis. Amoxicillin belongs to a class of antibiotics called penicillin-like antibiotics and works by stopping the growth of bacteria in the sinuses. It is available in many forms, including capsule, tablet, chewable tablet, liquid and drops. It is important to take the entire amount of prescribed amoxicillin even if symptoms disappear before the medication is finished. This will prevent the development of antibiotic resistance by the bacteria, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Those with kidney disease, penicillin allergies, asthma, hives or hay fever should not take amoxicillin. Minor side effects of amoxicillin include upset stomach, vomiting and diarrhea. Other, more severe, side effects include rash, hives, seizures, pale skin, fatigue and unusual bruising. If any of these symptoms are experienced, a doctor should be contacted immediately.
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is another commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis. Doxycycline belongs to a class of antibiotics called tetracycline antibiotics and works by impeding the growth and spread of bacteria in the nasal passages. Doxycycline is available as a regular or coated tablet, capsule, liquid or syrup. It must be taken two times per day with a full glass of water. If the ingestion of doxycycline results in an upset stomach, it may be taken with food or milk; however, this lessens the absorption by the stomach. The entire cycle of doxycycline must be taken in order for the antibiotic to have an effect on the bacteria.
Those with kidney or liver disease should not take doxycycline. It is also important to inform your doctor if you are allergic to any medications. Antacids, calcium supplements and laxatives decrease the effectiveness of doxycycline so it is important to avoid these substances while taking the antibiotics, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Side effects of doxycycline include diarrhea, sore mouth and itching of the rectum or vagina. Serious side effects included blurred vision, rash, headache, vomiting, dark urine, fatigue and confusion. A doctor should be contacted if any of these symptoms are present.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is another antibiotic that is used to treat sinusitis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a combination drug that includes more than one antibiotic, according to Mayo Clinic. This drug works by inhibiting the growth of the bacteria that is causing the inflammation in the sinuses. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be taken orally on an empty stomach to allow for the greatest absorption. Ingestion of the pill should be followed by 8 ounces of water. Sun exposure should be avoided while taking this medication. Minor side effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole include nausa, vomiting, hives and muscle twitching. More serious side effects include blistering, tingling in the skin, chest tightness, trouble breathing and extreme fatigue. These side effects require medical care.
