Dementia encompasses a wide variety of symptoms that involve social interaction and intellectual thinking. Changes in the brain can cause different symptoms to affect the way a person functions or performs daily activities. Memory loss and confusion are two of the most common symptoms of dementia, and the final stages are the most difficult, as they are overwhelming for the caregiver and confusing for the sufferer.
Memory Loss
As dementia progresses, both short-term and long-term memory are affected. In the end stage of dementia, memory loss is severely affected and voluntary recall is almost impossible. Toward the end of the disease many patients relive old memories and believe they are living in that time period, according to the Alzheimer's Society. Recognition of people and recent events may occur infrequently.
Communication
Communication may become more difficult as the disease progresses. Losing train of thought may make it hard for the patient to carry on a conversation. Toward the end, patients may lose the ability to form words or speak in coherent sentences. As verbal language decreases, sounds may be used as a form of communicating. Cries, moans or laughter may be ways of signaling disapproval or discomfort.
Mobility
Everyday tasks will gradually become more difficult as dementia advances toward the end stage. Coordination, balance and the ability to walk will gradually be affected and the use of a walker or wheelchair may be needed. As the end stage approaches, incontinence may become an issue. Activity and movement will be affected and caregivers will be needed to assist in daily living needs. Muscle deterioration and stiffness can make physical activity painful.
Behavioral Changes
As dementia reaches the end stage, frustration and confusion may be apparent. The patient may not understand why things are happening and lash out with aggressive behavior. Violent outbursts and pulling away are also common behaviors. Personality changes may also occur. As their awareness of their surroundings and friends begins to fade, dementia patients may become isolated and unemotional. Some patients may cry for no reason. Toward the end of the disease, some sufferers show no emotion.
