Zyrtec, the brand product of cetirizine, is a prescription drug classified as an antihistamine. Zyrtec blocks a chemical, called histamine, from binding in the body. Histamine is released in response to allergens, which are chemicals in the environment that produce an allergic response when they enter the body. The medication treats allergies in children and adults. It is also used for chronic idiopathic urticaria, which are hives that persist for six months or longer. Like all medications, Zyrtec may produce several side effects.
Headache
Zyrtec may produce a headache, particularly in children. Up to 14 percent of children may experience headache, the “Drug Information Handbook” reports. Headache may be a bothersome side effect, and if a patient experiences a headache that is persistent, he or a parent should speak with a physician. A physician may be able to switch the person to another medication or recommend a proper solution.
Drowsiness
Drowsiness or sleepiness is a common complaint of patients who take Zyrtec. It may occur in about 14 percent of adults. Fatigue may also occur in about 6 percent of patients. “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach” explains that the medication may interfere with a patient’s ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. It may also affect adequate function at the workplace. A person must use caution until she knows how the medication affects normal function. If someone experiences extreme sedation and sleepiness, she should inform her physician right away.
Insomnia
Insomnia, or difficulty sleeping, may occur in about 9 percent of children. The patient or a parent should report this side effect to a physician right away. If a child becomes restless and irritable, he may be experiencing toxic side effects of the medication and would require medical attention.
Abdominal Pain and Dry Mouth
Abdominal pain is common in about 5 percent of children. Another side effect common in adults is dry mouth. Dry mouth is present in about 5 percent of adults, the “Drug Information Handbook” states. Patients should drink plenty of water and practice good oral hygiene to avoid these side effects. Chewing gum or sucking on hard candy may also help with the undesired side effects. Nausea and vomiting does not affect adults but may occur in children. Eating small, frequent meals and avoiding fatty foods may help with these side effects. If fever accompanies nausea and vomiting, the patient should receive medical care immediately; this may indicate an infection and would require medication.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2009
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Joseph T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al.; 2008
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