Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, causes unusual changes not only in moods, but also in energy levels that interfere with the ability to perform daily activities. Approximately half of all cases of bipolar disorder begin prior to the age of 25, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Although the signs of manic depression can be difficult to detect, knowing what to look for can help lead to an accurate diagnosis and the ability to obtain help managing the disease.
Manic Episodes
The onset of manic episodes, characterized by an intense state of euphoria or feeling overly joyful, can indicate manic depression. Although patients feel overly happy, they exhibit irritability and agitation, appearing very jumpy. Those experiencing a manic episode talk very fast and jump from one topic to another, making conversation difficult. They also become restless and easily distracted. Manic episodes cause people to behave impulsively. especially when taking part in a pleasurable act such as shopping or sex. During a manic episode, patients take on additional activities and sleep very little.
Depressive Episodes
Depressive episodes follow manic episodes, causing long periods of feeling sad, worried or empty. Those in a depressive episode lose all interest in activities, and exhibit trouble in concentrating on tasks, remembering what needs to be done and making decisions. Patients sleep a lot, and change their eating habits. Some overindulge and eat more, while others stop eating.
Seasonal Mood Changes
Sudden and severe changes in mood that cycle with the time of year can indicate bipolar disorder. Each individual reacts differently, but some enter manic episodes during the spring and summer, and depressive episodes during the fall and winter. Others exhibit just the opposite, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Rapid Mood Shifts
Rapid mood shifts from extreme happiness to extreme sadness, and vice verse, can indicate manic depression. The shift in moods usually occurs without any apparent trigger.
Hallucinations
Severe cases of bipolar disorder can cause psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions. Especially during a manic episode, patients feel they are invincible, and believe they can do much more than they actually can. Patients can experience hallucinations during a manic episode, perhaps believing they are famous or possess special powers. Those in depressive phase can also exhibit hallucinations, but of a grim nature, such as believing they are penniless or have committed a crime.
