Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug available by prescription. It is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain and helps relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. This medication may also be used to treat a type of arthritis that affects the joints in the spine, called ankylosing spondylitis. Diclofenac is used to treat inflammation associated with cataract extraction. Diclofenac blocks the formation of substances that lead to inflammation. It is available as tablets, capsules, patch, topical gel, eye drops and lotion. Many side effects may occur with the use of this medication.
Effects on the Skin
Diclofenac topical gel may cause application site reactions. Itchiness may occur in up to 52 percent of individuals, according to the “Drug Information Handbook.” A rash may develop in about 40 percent of patients using this drug. The appearance of a rash or itchiness must be reported to a physician. Allergic reactions may present the same way and worsen if the drug is continued. About 27 percent of patients may experience dry skin with the use of diclofenac topical gel. Inflammation, tingling, numbness and pain may also develop on the site of application and is seen in about 30 percent of individuals. If any of these side effects becomes severe, the patient should seek medical attention right away.
Effects on the Eyes
The diclofenac eye drops may cause several side effects. Lacrimation, or tearing, is present in about 30 percent of individuals. Inflammation of the cornea, which is the front part of the eye, may occur in about 38 percent of individuals. Burning or stinging that occurs after the application of the eye drops and ceases after a while may occur in 15 percent of patients. Burning, stinging or inflammation that is persistent should be reported to a health-care professional.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects that occur with the use of diclofenac, according to the Mayo Clinic. These side effects may be present in up to 9 percent of patients. Abdominal cramps, abdominal pain and abdominal distention, or swelling, may occur in 3 to 9 percent of patients. The patient may chew gum or suck on hard candy to help with these side effects. Taking the medication with food or milk may also help to avoid effects on the stomach.
Diarrhea or Constipation
Diclofenac may cause constipation in some patients and diarrhea in others. Both have been reported in about 9 percent of patients, according to the “Drug Information Handbook.” Eating a diet rich in fiber and exercising regularly may help the patient with constipation. If the constipation is persistent, over-the-counter medications, such as stool softeners or laxatives, may be used as treatment. The patient should seek advice from a physician or pharmacist before using any of these. If the patient develops diarrhea, he may try avoiding meals with fatty foods. If the diarrhea continues for more than three days or if the patient develops a fever, she should obtain medical attention immediately.
Headache
Headache is a common side effect seen with the use of diclofenac. About 7 percent of patients may experience this adverse effect. As the body grows accustomed to the drug, the headache should diminish. A pain reliever, such as Tylenol, may help alleviate the headache, but the patient should speak with a physician before using any over-the-counter drug. If the headache worsens, the patient should immediately inform his health-care provider.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2009
- Mayo Clinic: Diclofenac
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