Manic-depressive disorder, commonly referred to as bipolar disorder, causes unusual shifts in energy, activity levels, mood and the ability to function in daily life. At least half of all cases of bipolar disorder start before the age of 25, notes the National Institute of Mental Health. People who suspect they may have this disorder should talk to a mental health professional for diagnosis and treatment options.
Types
Bipolar disorder type I is most commonly associated with the phrase "manic depression," according to MedlinePlus. People who have had at least one fully manic episode with periods of major depression are included in this type. Bipolar disorder type II includes people who have never experienced full mania but alternate between periods of increased energy and depression. Cyclothymia, a mild form of bipolar disorder, also consists of alternating periods of increased energy and depression, but it typically causes less-severe mood swings than the other types.
Symptoms
People who experience manic-depressive disorder often have distinct mood shifts that may range from extreme energy to deep despair. Unlike the mood swings many people experience, bipolar mood swings disrupt normal life activities. Specific symptoms of the mania phase of bipolar disorder include reckless behavior, impulsiveness, heightened mood, poor judgment, aggressive behavior, inflated sense of confidence or importance, a decreased need for sleep and an increased physical and mental energy and activity, notes the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. In severe cases, patients may also experience hallucinations and delusions. Symptoms of the depressive phase include pessimism, indifference, prolonged sadness, unexplained crying spells, loss of energy, lethargy, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, unexplained aches and pains and the inability to take pleasure in former interests. Some people also experience recurring thoughts of death or suicide when in the depressive state.
Treatment
Some people with manic-depressive disorder are reluctant to seek treatment because they enjoy the intense energy of the manic phase, explains the American Academy of Family Physicians. These people may fail to realize, however, how much of a negative impact the disorder is having on their lives and the lives of their loved ones. Mood stabilizer medications can reduce mood swings, while antidepressant medications help reduce depression symptoms. These medications often take a few weeks to work. Individual cognitive-behavioral therapy and family counseling can also help people with bipolar disorder manage their stress, concerns and problems. Joining a support group may also be beneficial.
Self-Help Tips
Individuals often feel helpless against bipolar disorder, but learning as much as possible about the disorder and becoming actively involved in the treatment plan and process may help. Those who learn the warning signs of oncoming manic or depressive episodes can utilize coping techniques to reducing the symptoms of the episode, according to HelpGuide.org. Coping techniques may include attending a support group, talking to a therapist, asking for extra help from loved ones or taking extra time to relax and unwind. Individuals may also reduce the severity or frequency of their symptoms by developing a daily routine, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, avoiding stress and keeping a strict sleep schedule.
Warning
People with manic-depressive disorder have an increased risk of suicide. If family members or friends suspect a loved one with bipolar disorder is having suicidal thoughts or has heard suicidal comments, they should call a mental health professional immediately. People who experience suicidal thoughts should not keep that information to themselves and should immediate tell a loved one or call their therapist. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, at (800) 273-TALK, may also help.
