Flu and colds share many of the same symptoms, including fever, fatigue, runny nose, and head and body aches. Although antiviral drugs are available to combat flu, their effects may be limited to a one-to-two-day reduction in the duration of symptoms, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A cure for the common cold remains still more elusive. Thus, most people rely on home remedies, which provide relief from symptoms of flu and colds, though they have no effect on the course of the infection.
Fever
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, fever reflects the immune system’s efforts to fight the infection and, as such, does not require treatment, at least from a medical perspective. However, many people do treat fever because it causes discomfort that interferes with rest. The CDC recommends a tepid bath for people who feel well enough to be out of bed. Alternatively, caregivers can perform sponging—bathing the face, trunks, arms and legs—at the bedside using a clean washcloth and a basin of cool water. Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen work well for both adults and children, with the added benefit of treating flu and cold-related pain. Caregivers should always take care to read and adhere to the product directions, in order to minimize the risk of side effects.
Fatigue
Rest sounds like a simple remedy for fatigue, but it’s not always easy to obtain in a busy household. The CDC recommends creating a sick room, usually the person’s bedroom. Caregivers should place key items—such as tissues, a trash can and a drinking glass—at the bedside to minimize exertion from trips to obtain needed items. Caregivers should also adjust the thermostat so the room is comfortably cool and promote air flow by opening a window—even just slightly—and adding a fan, if necessary. Control light by pulling curtains or shades, close the door to the sick room and encourage other family members to keep the noise level down.
Stuffy Nose
Stuffy nose can be one of the most troublesome symptoms of flu and colds. The CDC advises adding a humidifier to the sick room, in order to keep secretions moist and easy to clear. The AAFP notes that over-the-counter saline—saltwater—nose drops can help break up secretions inside the nose and moisten the delicate skin beneath. In addition, people with a stuffy nose should do their best to consume plenty of fluids. Fluids like water, sports drinks, diluted juice and clear soups help loosen mucus and maintain hydration. People with flu and colds are especially likely to become dehydrated when increased fluid losses due to fever pair with decreased fluid intake due to poor appetite.
