Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a mental health problem characterized by irritability, hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattention. It starts in early childhood, according to MayoClinic.com, but some symptoms continue to affect adults. Conventional treatment includes medications that affect neurotransmitter levels in the brain, and can provide temporary relief. Herbs may offer an alternative way to treat some ADHD symptoms like sleeplessness and the inability to concentrate. It is important to consult a professional before beginning herbal therapy and to be aware of potential herb-drug interactions.
Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgo, or Ginkgo biloba, is a large tree with distinctive fan-like leaves that is native to China. Ginkgo nuts are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a kidney tonic. They are also made into a tea to treat coughs and lung weakness. In Malaya, the nuts are considered beneficial for the brain and circulation. Traditionally, herbalists use ginkgo for its nootropic, or cognitive-enhancing properties. A study published in the January 2010 issue of “Phytotherapy Research” found that patients taking a ginkgo extract had fewer symptoms during treatment--they were less irritable, calmer and able to tolerate frustration. Another study, published in the May 2001 issue of the “Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience,” found that a combination of ginkgo and American ginseng, or Panax quinquefolium, improved ADHD symptoms in 36 children between 3 and 17 years old. Ginkgo may be a promising herbal alternative for ADHD, but there may be a risk of cerebral bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants.
Bacopa
Bacopa, or Bacopa monnieri, is a perennial creeper native to Asia and parts of America. It is known as brahmi in Ayurvedic medicine, and is used to improve mental functioning and to treat epilepsy, asthma and anxiety. In an article published in the 2008 issue of the “Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism,” herbalist Rob Santich states that bacopa can improve concentration and information processing. He presents several successful case studies of children treated with herbal formulas that contained bacopa. Bacopa has a history of treating various cognitive and mental health disorders, and seems promising as an alternative remedy for ADHD, but more studies on humans are needed to confirm the herb’s efficacy.
Valerian
Valerian, or Valeriana edulis, is a perennial prairie herb with clusters of tiny white flowers. Valerian species have been used for centuries to treat stress and sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances are a frequent problem with ADHD, and can affect the entire family when children with ADHD are involved. A study published in the May 2002 issue of “Phytomedicine” evaluated the effects of valerian root on sleep problems in children with a range of mental disorders, including ADHD. The study found that after taking valerian, children slept longer and had better quality sleep than they did before the treatment. The researchers state that this preliminary study shows the promise of valerian for some aspects of ADHD, but further research is needed to test valerian in combination with behavioral modification programs to further improve sleep patterns.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Adult ADHD
- “Phytotherapy Research”; Ginkgo biloba treating patients with attention-deficit disorder; Niederhofer, H.; January 2010
- “Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience”; Effect of the herbal extract combination Panax quinquefolium and Ginkgo biloba on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study; Lyon, M.R., et al.; May 2001
- “Phytomedicine”; Effect of valerian, Valeriana edulis, on sleep difficulties in children with intellectual deficits: randomised trial; Francis AJ, Dempster RJ; May 2002
