Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune and debilitating disease that is characterized by the immune system eating away at the sheath that protects and covers the nerves of the brain and spinal cord, according to the Mayo Clinic. Irreversible damage occurs, and the communication between the brain and body is broken, and the nerves themselves can possibly become damaged as well. The onset is generally between ages 20 and 40, and the disease affects more women than men. No cure for MS exists, but treatment is available based on what immune response and symptoms are present. Medications, and different therapies and procedures may be available depending on the severity of the condition. Regular exercise, getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet and avoiding extreme heat may help combat symptoms.
Muscle Problems
Since the nerves cannot communicate with the body, problems moving muscles in the arms and legs is unfortunately a common symptom. This may be accompanied with numbness, tingling or abnormal sensations in the limbs, according to the National Institutes of Health. Muscle spasms, tremors or problems coordinating small movements may also be present. The Mayo Clinic also suggests that electric-shock sensations can occur with certain movements of the head.
Vision Changes
Blurry or double vision is another symptom of MS. According to the Mayo Clinic, partial or complete loss of vision may also occur. This may affect one eye at a time with pain or discomfort when moving the eye, a condition known as optic neuritis. Uncontrollable rapid eye movements are also a potential symptom. Additionally, pain may occur around the eyes or throughout the facial area.
Increased Urination
MS can cause urination problems such as an increased urge and frequent need to urinate, according to the National Library of Medicine. Urine leakage, known as incontinence, or difficulty beginning to urinate can also occur especially if any nerve damage is present. Along with urinary issues, some people also have problems with stool leakage and possibly constipation if nerve damage occurs in the lower end of the digestive tract.
Mental Status Changes
Mental changes are another symptom associated with MS. According to the National Library of Medicine, MS can cause decreased attention span, poor judgment and memory loss. Difficulty reasoning and problem solving are other symptoms. Depression, dizziness, balance problems and hearing loss can also occur. Epilepsy is another symptom and complication that is associated with MS.
