Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition that affects the bladder and other areas of the urinary tract. It occurs mostly in Caucasian women. Interstitial cystitis is sometimes referred to as painful bladder syndrome. However, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, while interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome are very similar, they are not exactly the same. Some researchers believe that interstitial cystitis is a combination of several disorders or issues; certain characteristics must be present before a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis is made.
Symptoms
Symptoms of interstitial cystitis range in severity, from mild to severe, depending on the person. Pressure, pain in the pelvic area and frequently feeling the urge to urinate are all symptoms of interstitial cystitis. Symptoms may flare up when certain triggers are present. Allergies, menstrual periods, stress and acidic foods have all been thought to trigger painful reactions.
Causes
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, it is believed that interstitial cystitis may be a disorder that accompanies other inflammatory diseases such as fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome. It is also possible that interstitial cystitis may be hereditary. Tests are being performed to pinpoint the cause of interstitial cystitis so that appropriate treatments can be implemented.
Complications
Complications of interstitial cystitis can be emotional as well as physical. Stress and the inability to sleep because of the frequent urination and pain may lead to depression. Sexual intercourse may become too painful and cause frustration in relationships with a person's significant other. As the disease progresses, the bladder's overall capacity may be reduced, causing even more frequent trips to the restroom.
Treatment
There is no cure for interstitial cystitis, just treatment options. Oral medications can be taken to reduce inflammation and pain. They may also be used to relax the bladder and reduce the frequent need to urinate. Some medications may be inserted into the bladder itself to alleviate pain and kill any bacteria that is present. Electronic nerve stimulation may be applied through the skin using TENS units. This stimulates the muscles surrounding the bladder and encourages better circulation to the area. Reducing the amount of acids in the diet may decrease the discomfort and irritation caused by the urine being stored in the bladder.
Support for the Patient
Counseling may be needed for the patient and family members to help them adjust to changes that need to be made during the progression of the disease. Communicating with professionals and family alike will help everyone understand the changes that may need to be made to accommodate the patient and make daily tasks as stress-free as possible. Many areas have local support groups for people with interstitial cystitis to join and share their stories with others. Groups such as the Interstitial Cystitis Network can direct patients to support groups that are close to home (see Resources).
