Glucotrol XL is an antidiabetic medication classified as a sulfonylurea. It is the extended release form of the generic product glipizide and is used for the management of type 2 diabetes. Glucotrol XL enhances the release of insulin from the cells in the pancreas. This allows for greater insulin availability in the body and reduces the amount of sugar released from the liver. Glucotrol XL also increases the sensitivity to insulin throughout the body. This medication may produce many side effects.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels, is the most common side effect of the sulfonylureas. According to “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach,” the fasting plasma glucose, which is the sugar level measured in the morning before any food, indicates the potential for hypoglycemia.The lower the fasting plasma glucose is, the higher the potential for hypoglycemia. Patients who skip meals, exercise vigorously or lose a significant amount of weight are more likely to experience hypoglycemia. Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include dizziness, sweating, hunger, nervousness and anxiety. Patients should be instructed to carry hard candy in case any of these symptoms develop. Hard candy or orange juice provides sugar for immediate use for the body. If signs and symptoms persist, the patient must seek immediate medical attention. Complications of hypoglycemia include confusion, visual disturbances and seizures. Loss of consciousness may also occur and may lead to death.
Weight Gain
Weight gain may also occur with the use of Glucotrol XL. Diabetic patients release glucose in the urine when not treated or when sugar levels are not controlled properly. Excess calories exit from the body in this form; when medication restores proper sugar levels, glucose is no longer released through the urine. Patients who do not reduce the amount of calories consumed will gain excess weight. Regular physical activity may help to manage weight. The patient may speak with a physician who can provide information about a balanced diet that is appropriate for diabetics.
Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are common side effects seen with the administration of Glucotrol XL, reports the “Drug Information Handbook.” Flatulence, or gas, may also present in users of the drug. These side effects should diminish as the body adjusts to the medication. If any of these side effects are accompanied by fever, the patient may have an infection and requires medical treatment. If diarrhea continues for more than three days, the patient should obtain medical care immediately.
References
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Joseph T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al.; 2008
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2007
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