Although medication is often used to treat adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, less information is available on the effect that medications have on this population. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, around 4 percent of adults have a diagnosis of ADHD. Stimulant medications may help improve the ability to focus and minimize hyperactive and impulsive symptoms. These drugs work on the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain and are considered safe for adults. Other medications that may be used to treat ADHD include Strattera, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and some antidepressant medications.
Medication Choice
According to the National Resource Center on ADHD, stimulant medications are considered first line treatment for adults with ADHD. Choosing which medication is best for an individual requires consideration of the individual’s symptoms, lifestyle, and other health concerns. Side effects and their impact on functioning also should be considered. Medications impact each individual differently, so it may take some trial-and-error to determine the best treatment for an individual.
Amphetamines
Amphetamines are one type of stimulant medication used to treat ADHD. These drugs include Adderall, Dexedrine, and Dextrostat. According to the National Resource Center on ADHD, these drugs are effective in treating ADHD in adults with minimal side effects. Extended release Adderall has been shown to be effective in adults.
Methylphenidates
Methylphenidates are another type of stimulant medication, which include Concerta, Ritalin, and Metadate. The National Resource Center on ADHD reports that these types of stimulants are effective in treating ADHD in many adults. Common side effects may include difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and decreased appetite. The extended release types of these medications have not yet been approved or shown to be effective in adults.
Strattera
Strattera (atomoxetine) is a non-stimulant medication that can be prescribed to treat ADHD. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat ADHD symptoms in both children and adults, and has been shown to be effective in doing so. The National Resource Center on ADHD reports that Strattera works similarly to stimulant medications, but takes longer to become effective.
Antidepressants
Antidepressant medications that act on norepinephrine can improve symptoms of ADHD as well. According to the National Resource Center on ADHD, tricyclic antidepressants such as Norpramine improve symptoms of ADHD, but take weeks to become effective. Other antidepressants such as Wellbutrin and Effexor may help treat symptoms of ADHD, and they may be particularly helpful in individuals with co-occurring mood disorders.
