Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest and throat. If left untreated, GERD can cause ulcers in the esophagus, narrowing of the esophagus or precancerous cells in the esophagus. Initial treatment of GERD includes a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. If this doesn’t work, surgery may be necessary.
Lifestyle Changes
Different foods can trigger symptoms of GERD in certain people. In order to prevent symptoms, triggers must be recognized and avoided. Common triggers include fried foods, alcohol, chocolate, mint, garlic and onion, according to Mayo Clinic. Maintaining a healthy weight can also help decrease symptoms of GERD. Extra weight puts pressure on the stomach, which can cause acid to back up in the esophagus and cause heartburn and other symptoms. Other lifestyle changes that are helpful in the treatment of GERD include cessation of smoking, wearing loose fitting clothing, waiting two to three hours to lie down after a meal and elevating the head during sleep, according to Kids Health.
Medications
There are number of medications available for the treatment of GERD. Antacids are an over-the-counter option that work by neutralizing stomach acid. Antacids provide relief from symptoms, but do not heal existing damage. H-2 receptor blockers are another medication option that is available over-the-counter or in prescription strength. H-2 receptor blockers work by reducing the production of acid in the stomach. These medications provide longer relief than antacids, but they do not work as quickly. Proton pump inhibitors are also available over-the-counter or in prescription strength. These medications work by blocking the production of acid in the stomach and healing the esophagus. Prokinetics are another medication option that is available by prescription. Prokinetics strengthen the esophageal sphincter, which prevents acid reflux into the esophagus, and aid in the movement of stomach muscles, which helps the stomach empty more rapidly.
Surgery
Surgery may be recommended for severe cases of GERD that cannot be improved by lifestyle modifications or medication. A nissen fundoplication is a procedure that is used to tighten the lower esophageal sphincter by wrapping the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus. Another procedure, called an EndoCinch endoluminal gastroplication, is used to create barriers between the stomach and esophagus. Small sutures are placed in the stomach and then sewn together, creating a physical barrier that prevents stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus, according to Mayo Clinic. The Stretta system is a surgical procedure that creates scar tissue in the esophagus, which helps to heal damaged esophageal muscles.
