Manic depression, also known bipolar disorder, is a condition that affects as many as 2 million Americans, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Its effects range from mild to severe, and its time span ranges from short, sporadic episodes to chronic and long-term. Both children and adults can suffer from bipolar disorder, though the condition manifests differently in different age groups.
Mood Swings
Polar extremes of sadness and elation characterize the symptoms of manic depression. MayoClnic.com describes the depressive aspect of this condition as involving feelings of sadness and emptiness that last nearly 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The person may feel worthless, overwhelmed by dejection and suicidal.
A manic episode involves the opposite extreme. Feelings of elation cloud the person’s judgment. She may exhibit extreme notions of grandiosity, indulge in recklessly hedonistic behaviors, have racing thoughts and be easily distracted.
A person with bipolar disorder cycles between episodes of depression and episodes of mania.
Eating and Sleeping Changes
Often a person with bipolar disorder will exhibit changes in his normal eating or sleeping patterns. MayoClinic.com notes that those in the midst of a major depressive episode may have no interest in normally pleasurable activities, such as eating. Sleeping habits may change so that the person is sleeping more or less than usual. Insomnia is common, as is the tendency to spend longer hours sleeping.
While manic, an individual may experience an excess of energy and a reduced need for sleep. He may feel ready to start a new day after only a couple of hours in bed.
Inability to Concentrate
Both the manic and the depressive episodes in a bipolar person’s life can affect her ability to concentrate. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that depressed persons often exhibit a diminished capacity for focusing and making decisions, while racing thoughts and distractibility, which characterize the manic phase of bipolar disorder, also contribute to difficulties in concentration.
Changes in Energy Level
Those in a depressive phase often exhibit markedly sedentary behavior and fatigue. A manic phase can result in hyperactive intensity when pursuing goals, such as wok or school activities, although this intensity is not necessarily productive. MayoClinic.com notes that in order to be considered mania, “the mood disturbance must be severe enough to cause noticeable difficulty at work, at school or in usual social activities or relationships.”
