A ligament is a thick fibrous band of tissue that connects one bone to another bone. Ligaments provide stability to a joint, which allows for smooth and controlled movement. A partially torn ligament is called a sprain. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the most common cause of sprains is a fall or blow to the body that knocks a joint out of position, which can partially tear a ligament. Early treatment can reduce pain and swelling associated with a sprain.
Rest
A patient with a newly torn ligament should rest the affected joint, states MayoClinic.com. Resting the joint will prevent further injury to the joint and allow it to begin the healing process. However, a patient should begin performing light exercises with the affected limb as soon as he can tolerate it. For example, a patient with a partially torn ligament in the ankle should gradually begin weight bearing, or walking on the affected ankle. This will prevent the ankle from becoming stiff and weak over time. If necessary, a patient should ask his doctor if physical therapy is appropriate. A physical therapist can help the patient perform exercises that will increase the strength and flexibility of the affected joint.
Ice Therapy
Ice is effective in treating a partially torn ligament immediately after an injury, states MayoClinic.com. For ice therapy to be effective, a patient should apply ice to the partially torn ligament for 10 to 15 minutes four times a day for the first two days. After applying ice, he should elevate the affected ligament above the level of his heart to reduce swelling. Ice should not be applied directly to the skin to avoid frostbite. Instead, a patient can apply an ice pack or frozen vegetables over a paper towel. Heat should never be applied to a torn ligament, because it can increase swelling, which would hinder the healing process.
Medications
Over-the-counter medication can be effective in treating a partially torn ligament, states MayoClinic.com. A doctor will likely recommend taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, commonly called NSAIDs, to improve symptoms. NSAIDs, such as Aleve, Advil, aspirin or Motrin, reduce chemical signals related to pain and inflammation. A patient can take an NSAID before exercising to reduce pain and inflammation associated with exercising the affected joint. He should take the medication as directed to prevent serious side effects that include heart, kidney, liver and stomach problems. MayoClinic.com recommends scheduling a doctor’s appointment if symptoms have not improved after two or three days.
