Drug testing is a common requirement for employment in many workplaces. These tests can protect employers from hiring drug abusers and improve workplace safety. Drugs tests enable employers to test for cannabinoids, cocaine, amphetamines, opiates and phencyclidine usage. Procedures differ based on the type of specimen tested and what the requirements for testing include. Testing can take place on site or at a laboratory and include urine, hair, and blood testing.
Urine
Urine tests are a common form of drug testing in which urine is analyzed to detect the presence of drugs in the body. The tests detect metabolites, which are drug residues that can remain in the body for days or weeks. Louisiana State University Medical and Public Health Law Site explains that urine samples in laboratories go through a 23-step system to ensure there's no tampering. Laboratories and health care settings often administer the testing method, but home urine testing methods are available.
Saliva
Saliva drug testing detects drug use primarily within a few days of use. Drugs do not remain in the saliva for as long as in other bodily fluids, making the testing a way to discover current drug use among individuals. The method consists of wiping a swab on the inner cheek or around the surface of the mouth. The United States Department of Labor states that the method is hard to tamper with and is helpful in detecting specific kinds of drug use.
Blood
Blood tests provide an accurate measure of specific drugs in the system and the amount of drugs currently used. The United States Department of Labor calls blood testing an accurate but short drug testing method because drugs quickly clear from the blood and deposit into the urine. Blood testing is more invasive than other drug testing methods.
Hair
Hair testing provides a long-term benefit, detecting drug use over several months. Louisiana State University explains that the procedure involves removing contaminants from the hair before the drug testing begins. Unlike blood tests, which provide details of the amount of drugs currently in the system, hair testing provides only details on past drug usage.
