Aspirin has been used for years to help reduce pain, inflammation and fevers. It can be purchased over the counter in regular strength, which is between 300 to 800 mg per pill, meant for short-term use. Low dose aspirin--usually 81 mg--can also be used regularly in certain situations but should always be done under a doctor's care. Aspirin needs to be used with caution as it can cause serious side effects. Before deciding to take this medication it is important to understand the physiologic effects of low dose aspirin.
Prevents Clots
Low doses of aspirin can thin the blood and cut down on the possibility of clots forming, states the MayoClinic.com. Blood contains a substance called platelets which are sticky and help the blood cells to clump when healing from an injury. Aspirin inhibits the action of platelets so the blood does not clot.
For this reason, aspirin can help reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Heart attacks and strokes occur when clots block the blood vessels that supply the brain and heart with oxygen. When the heat does not get the oxygen it needs cells can die and a heart attack can occur. When this happens in the brain a stroke can occur. The dosage needed to prevent clots depends on gender, age and overall health and this can be determined by a physician. However since the blood does not clot as well there is a risk of excessive bleeding during injuries when taking low dose aspirin.
Pain Reduction
Aspirin is from a group of drugs called salicylates. Along with preventing the blood from clotting, it also helps to block chemicals in the body that cause pain. These chemicals, called prostaglandins, are responsible for sending pain signals to the brain. Aspirin helps to inhibit the production of prostaglandins.
For this reason low dose aspirin may be used to treat the pain of angina along with reducing the risk of a heart attack, claims the American Academy of Family Physicians. Angina caused by heart disease will need to be treated with lifestyle changes and other medications along with the aspirin. For those living with arthritis, headaches or other types of chronic pain, low doses of aspirin may be prescribed by a doctor to help manage symptoms.
Reduces Swelling
According to the University of Iowa Health Care, aspirin and other salicylates work like commonly used arthritis medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. Aspirin, in fact, is an NSAID and can help to reduce joint swelling by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase. Cyclooxygenase helps to make prostaglandins which cause swelling as well as pain.
However, any dose of aspirin taken long-term can cause stomach pain, bloody stools and urine, bloody vomit, trouble breathing, dizziness, internal bleeding and many other serious side effects. These side effects may be worse if aspirin is mixed with foods or beverages containing caffeine or alcohol. Given the serous side effects this medication can cause a doctor should always be consulted before starting an aspirin regimen.
