Low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, is a condition when there is insufficient glucose in the blood. Glucose is the primary energy source for the body. According to the Mayo Clinic, although hypoglycemia is commonly associated with diabetes, there are a variety of conditions that can cause low blood sugar in people without diabetes. Depending on the severity, hypoglycemia can affect the brain and various bodily functions.
Mild Hypoglycemia
Mild low glucose levels, less than 70 mg/dL, can result in confusion. A slight deficiency in glucose results in less energy supply to the brain. This causes brain function to slow down. A person may feel nervous, dizzy or tremble as well.
Hunger arises to alert a person of the need for more energy. Nausea or vomiting may take place. Mild hypoglycemia may also induce sweating and cold skin. Immediate treatment consists of consuming sugar, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, to increase blood sugar levels.
Moderate Hypoglycemia
Moderate hypoglycemia is when blood sugar is less than 55 mg/dL. Confusion may persist and become more evident. In addition, visual impairments such as blurred vision may arise. Drowsiness or fatigue may arise as a result of inadequate glucose supply. Consequently, weakness and problems with walking and coordination arise. Treatment of moderate low blood sugar consists of consuming sugar, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, to return blood sugar to normal levels.
Severe Hypoglycemia
If hypoglycemia goes untreated, loss of consciousness may occur. Blood glucose levels are typically less than 40 mg/dL when fainting takes place. According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, severe hypoglycemia is more likely to arise in people with Type 1 diabetes. Hypoglycemia results in inadequate glucose in the blood supply to the brain. The body may react by inducing loss of consciousness. In addition, a seizure may occur if the brain is unable to function properly. Immediate treatment consists of a glucagon injection to immediately raise blood glucose levels. Seek medical attention if loss of consciousness or seizure occurs.
