Overproduction of sebum glands can cause limp hair and an oily scalp. Sebum glands in the scalp are connected to the hair follicle, causing oil to coat the hair shaft and surrounding skin. Although sebum is often considered a nuisance, some sebum is necessary. The sebum combines with other fats and sweat on the surface of the skin to create a barrier to keep the scalp moisturized from the outside air.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis causes thick, greasy scales on the scalp or other areas of the body that contain large amounts of sebum glands. When it appears in children, it is called cradle cap. Seborrheic dermatitis is often itchy in adults and looks like dandruff.
The Mayo Clinic notes that a red, greasy scalp or patches of excessive scales also indicate that seborrheic dermatitis may be present.
Puberty
Sebum production dramatically increases once you hit puberty. There is no coincidence that this is also the time when oily hair begins to appear in many adolescents. Over time, sebum production will naturally decrease. If acne becomes a problem, in addition to an oily scalp, a dermatologist may prescribe medication to slow sebum production.
Gender
Men naturally produce more sebum than women, making it more likely that they will have a problem with your scalp's sebum glands if you are male.
Sebum production lessens after menopause if you are female. This may require you to use a heavier moisturizer as you age.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy causes a shift in hormones, which can increase the production of sebum glands. This is also why acne is common in some women during pregnancy. To avoid oily hair and skin, the American Pregnancy Association recommends a regular cleansing schedule to remove as much oil as possible. It is also recommended that you avoid heavily fragranced shampoos and conditioners to prevent nausea.
Genetics
Some oily scalp conditions are the result of genetics. If your parents have trouble with oily hair, it is likely you will face the same challenges. According to the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, regularly cleansing your hair will help, as will avoiding heavy hair products that may increase the greasy appearance of your hair.
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