The menstrual cycle can be a taboo topic among many individuals and is considered shameful in some cultures. But this process is natural and healthy and is a normal part of a woman's life, though many consider it a burden. The hormones that initiate the menstrual cycle are called estrogen and progesterone. These hormones govern the entire menstrual cycle and, according to Nadia MacLeod, Natural Fertility counselor, are essential to a woman's well-being.
Time Frame
While the exact time when a female will begin her menstrual cycle is unknown, there are certain warning signs that can signal her readiness. According to the Mayo Clinic, a girl can begin menstruating around two years after breast development. Another sign is a thick white vaginal discharge that can occur months before the menstrual cycle. Another estimation can be made by recalling the age of the girl's mother's period (which will likely occur around the same time).
Process
According to The Mayo Clinic, menstruation typically begins in girls around age 12 or 13 and is described as the maturing process that allows a girl to become pregnant. The process begins with an egg that is released by the ovaries, resulting in ovulation.
Ovulation
When ovulation takes place in a female's body, the egg is shed and if it does not become fertilized by a male's sperm, the lining of the uterus will shed through the vagina--resulting in a menstrual period. For some females, pain and cramping can occur with the menstrual period, but can be relieved with over-the-counter pain relievers. On average, a menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
PMS
The menstrual cycle can be preceded by a condition known as PMS (premenstrual syndrome). According to the Mayo Clinic, this condition can cause mood swings, breast tenderness, fatigue, food cravings, depression and irritability. PMS can occur several days before the menstrual cycle and is common in approximately three of every four women.
Treatments
If PMS becomes bothersome, a number of medications can be prescribed to assist with the symptoms. Antidepressants (such as Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft), diurectics, oral contraceptives (which can help stabilize moods and regulate menstrual periods), and Depo Provera, which is used to treat severe cases of PMS.
