Knee injuries are one of the more common reasons people visit an orthopedic surgeon, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Athletes routinely injure the ligaments that hold the hinges of the knee together; however, knee injuries can happen to anyone of any age. Regardless of cause, there are a few general guidelines for treatment of knee injury.
R.I.C.E.
The acronym R.I.C.E., which stands for rest, ice, compression and elevation, is often the first line of defense against a new knee injury. The “rest” component of R.I.C.E. involves keeping as much weight off of the knee as possible and avoiding movement and walking when able, to avoid further irritation to the injured knee. Ice bags or frozen cold packs are applied to the knee to keep inflammation or swelling under control.
The compression component of R.I.C.E. involves using a bandage or sport wrap to apply pressure to the knee. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons suggests a compression wrap be snug but not painful. Finally, the knee should be kept elevated, such as propping it up on pillows or a chair. The AAOS recommends R.I.C.E. as a treatment for minor knee injuries, which includes sprains and strains.
Bracing
In some cases, minor knee injuries need a little more help than R.I.C.E. A knee brace or cast can temporarily reduce strain and stress on the knee joint, and may be appropriate for injuries that require a little extra healing time. Knee braces may be prescribed for wear during certain activities or around the clock.
Physical Therapy
Many knee injuries can be treated with exercise or other modalities performed by a physical therapist. Exercise strengthens the muscles that support the knee joint, and can also increase knee mobility. Physical therapists are skilled at prescribing progressive exercises which gradually increase knee function while preventing overuse injuries. Physical therapists can also use other treatments such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation and massage, to assist with tissue healing and to keep pain under control. Physical therapy is prescribed by a doctor and is appropriate for almost any type of knee injury ranging from mild to severe.
Anti-inflammatory Medications
Anti-inflammatory medications, such as NSAIDs and corticosteroids, can help reduce swelling and inflammation in and around the knee joint. They often have a pain-relieving affect as well. These medications may be taken orally or may be injected directly into the knee joint. An example of this is a cortisone shot. Anti-inflammatory medications may be used alone for minor knee injuries, or in combination with other knee injury treatments for more severe cases.
Surgery
Sometimes surgery for an injured knee may be necessary, particularly if more conservative treatments have failed. Surgery may also be necessary to repair bone or tissue damage caused by the knee injury, such as a torn ligament or worn cartilage. Some common knee surgeries include knee arthroscopy and partial or total knee replacements.
