Bell's palsy is a temporary paralysis of one of the facial nerves. It usually affects one side of the face and can strike at any age. Bell's palsy is thought to be the result of a virus or trauma to the nerve. It comes on quickly and usually resolves within two to six months. Some sufferers are left with residual weakness. Symptoms include the inability to close one eye, facial drooping, twitching and taste impairment. There are several treatments for Bell's palsy.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are typically prescribed to reduce the nerve inflammation. This may improve symptoms. When begun as soon as symptoms appear, corticosteroid use increases the odds of a full recovery, explains the American Academy of Family Physicians. Prednisone is often the corticosteroid of choice; it is typically taken for seven to ten days.
Anti-Virals
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke explains that many scientists believe Bell's palsy originates from a virus, at least in some cases. Acyclovir and valacyclovir are sometimes prescribed to treat the symptoms when Bell's palsy is felt to have viral involvement. A typical course of anti-viral medication is taken for five to ten days.
Pain Relievers
Over-the-counter pain medication is frequently taken for the pain involved with the swelling of the nerve. Aspirin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen are popular choices and are typically taken up to four times a day as needed until the pain has resolved. Long-term use of these medications may not be safe or appropriate. Children and teens should not be given aspirin except under the advice of a physician.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is sometimes needed to reduce the risk of permanent facial muscle weakness. Massage is often administered and facial exercises and self-massage are taught. The sufferer is then instructed to massage and exercise the face several times each day.
Eye Drops
According to "Medical-Surgical Nursing," physicians often recommend artificial tears due to eye dryness. The drops are placed into the affected eye around four times a day. The eye must be manually closed at intervals during the day and a patch may need to be worn at night to protect the eye from a scratch or other injury.
Moist Heat
Moist heat may help reduce pain and inflammation, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. A heating pad, wet washcloth or gel pack may be applied to the area several times a day for up to 15 minutes.
References
- "Medical-Surgical Nursing"; Donna Ignatavicius, M.S., R.N. and Linda Workman, Ph.D., R.N.; 2002
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Bell's Palsy Information Page
- American Academy of Family Physicians: Bell's Palsy
- MayoClinic.com: Bell's Palsy
