Chronic dry eye affects many people, causing eye irritation and blurred vision. People with dry eye often have excessive watering as the eye tries to provide lubrication. This only washes away the protective tear film and intensifies dryness. Dry eye can result from a low tear production or from a low tear quality. An eye doctor can determine the presence of dry eye as well as possible causes and treatments, during an eye examination.
Artificial Tears
Many eye doctors initially recommend using artificial tears throughout the day to help maintain a good level of lubrication. Since the drops do not contain a medication, people with dry eye may use these drops as often as necessary, states the American Optometric Association. Artificial tears do not require a prescription, though sensitive eyes may react with the preservatives used in most bottled tears. Preservative-free artificial tears may work best for frequent use. These drops come in small vials that contain a few uses. For people with significant irritation from dry eye, they may wish to keep artificial tears in the refrigerator. Using cold drops may offer instant relief in some cases.
Medication
For people with chronic dry eye resulting from low tear production, doctors may prescribe eyedrops that encourage the eye to make more tears. Most doctors will recommend using the drops twice daily. Side effects may include similar symptoms as dry eye, such as irritation, redness and watery eyes, states MedlinePlus. Monitor eyes for changes, and discuss new or increased problems with the prescribing eye doctor. As with any medication, some people find the medication works well, while others do not notice improvement.
Punctal Plugs
Punctal plugs may help many people retain the natural tears. In a relatively quick procedure, an eye doctor will insert tiny silicone plugs into the tear ducts near the nasal corners of the eyelids. The doctor will begin by placing an eyedrop in the eye to numb the surface, then, with fine tweezers, place the plug in the tear duct. With the plugs in place, the tears will not drain out of the eye, allowing them to coat the surface of the eye instead of draining away. If this does not improve chronic dry eye, the doctor can remove the plugs, states MayoClinic.com. The doctor will replace plugs that come out on their own, if they appear to be helping.
