Sodium nitrate is a naturally occurring compound found in almost all leafy green vegetables. It can also take the form of a white powder or clear crystals, and has a sweet smell. Sodium nitrate is also known as Caliches, Chili saltpeter, nitrate of soda, Nitratine, Peru saltpeter or soda niter. Even though sodium nitrate is not flammable, it can react with certain chemicals and become extremely combustible. It can also be safely consumed if prepared correctly.
Pesticides
Sodium nitrate is one of the ingredients in pesticide gas cartridges. These particular pesticides work to eradicate pests such as rodents, predators and insects from areas like golf courses and lawns. These gas cartridges contain sodium nitrate and charcoal, and are usually separated by a cardboard. When the cardboard is ignited, the chemicals mix together and create a toxic gas that rids the area of any unwanted pests.
Fireworks
When fireworks explode and the colors are visible, it is the result of certain chemicals like sodium nitrate igniting. When sodium nitrate combusts, it produces the color yellow. The fireworks are produced by placing the mineral salts into a lump inside a package. These lumps are made of an oxidizing material, reducing material, color material such as sodium nitrate and materials to bind them together.
Food Preservatives
Because sodium nitrate is a natural ingredient found in vegetables, it is used frequently in preserving lunch meats. It has antimicrobial properties which can inhibit the growth of botulism in certain products. It also helps to maintain the color of these meats so they are more appealing to the eye. This is why lunch meats remain pink although they are fully cooked. The sodium nitrate prevents oxidation of the meats, which allows it to maintain the original color.
Fertilizers
Most plants grow larger and healthier with a higher nitrogen level in the soil, and sodium nitrate helps to promote this environment. It also aids in preventing soil erosion. The nitrogen creates a higher carbon production by the plants, which creates a stronger root system. Almost all fertilizers either contain sodium nitrate or some other nitrogen-based compound in order to achieve this effect. There are normally three ingredients in fertilizer: sodium nitrate, phosphorus and potassium. Sodium nitrate is usually the first listed ingredient.
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