Steroids are synthetically produced hormones that work basically the same as natural hormones produced by the body. The type of hormone a steroid resembles will determine how it affects the body. Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of certain diseases, while anabolic steroids are used to increase muscle mass. Both have positive and negative side effects and can only be obtained through a prescription from a qualified physician.
Benefits of Steroids
Corticosteroids are used to fight inflammation brought on by diseases such as arthritis and asthma. The steroid is injected into painful, inflamed joints to reduce pain and swelling. Asthmatics may take corticosteroids in tablet form.
Anabolic steroids are used by bodybuilders and weightlifters to increase muscle mass and enhance performance. Most sports ban the use of anabolic steroids because it offers users a distinct advantage over those who don't use these substances.
Some physicians prescribe steroids for boys who may be developing physically slower than their peers. The additional testosterone boost can aid the body in developing at a more normal rate.
Anabolic steroids have also been used to increase red blood cell production in people with anemia.
Physical Side Effects
According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, some of the most noticeable side effects of steroids on the human body include acne, headaches, male pattern baldness and insomnia. In male athletes, the breasts may grow larger and testicles may become smaller. Female athletes may encounter the growth of facial or body hair, a deepening of the voice and masculine features. Both male and females may experience trembling, headaches, nausea and jaundice depending on the amount used.
Behavioral Changes
Steroids have been known to cause mood swings and violent outbursts in many athletes. These episodes are sometimes called "roid rage." According to U.S. Health and Human Services, rage and violent, uncontrollable outbursts are demonstrated by a small percentage of athletes who use steroids. There have also been documented reports of murders attributed to steroid abuse.
Long-term Effects
Long-term use of steroids may lead to a variety of issues. It may upset the way the body produces hormones. The body works to keep itself in balance and if hormones are present in the form of steroids, the body may stop producing its own.
Steroid use also puts stress on the kidneys, prostate and reproductive organs in both males and females. In some cases, sterility may occur. If steroids are only used for a short period of time in minimal amounts, the damage incurred may reverse itself.
