Eye mucus, or eye discharge, occurs when the external eye structures become irritated, triggering an inflammatory response. The discharge is characteristically thicker than tears and varies in quantity, color and thickness, depending on the underlying cause. Viral or bacterial eye infections, allergies and abnormal tear production or content can provoke the formation of eye mucus. Treatment depends on the condition causing this uncomfortable symptom.
Viral and Bacterial Conjunctivitis
The conjunctiva is the tissue that covers the white surface of the eye and lines the inner eyelids. This tissue produces thin mucus, which cleans and lubricates the eyes along with the tears. Bacterial or viral infection of the conjunctiva causes irritation of this tissue, or conjunctivitis. Conjunctival blood vessels characteristically become engorged with conjunctivitis, causing bloodshot eyes.
Adenoviruses cause most cases of viral conjunctivitis, or pink eye, according to "The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals." Enteroviruses and systemic viral illnesses such as measles, rubella, chickenpox and mumps can also cause conjunctivitis. Watery, mucoid eye discharge commonly accompanies viral conjunctivitis.
Common causes of acute bacterial conjunctivitis include pneumococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Neisseria gonorrhea may cause acute bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns infected during the birthing process. Eye discharge with acute bacterial conjunctivitis is typically abundant and pus-like. The affected eye is generally swollen, markedly reddened and sensitive to light. Dried eye discharge commonly accumulates in the eyelashes.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Eye allergies can cause conjunctivitis with characteristic symptoms such as eye itching and redness, excessive tearing and eye mucus, reports the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center. Nasal congestion and throat scratchiness commonly accompany eye symptoms. Tree, weed and grass pollens typically cause seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Year-round allergic conjunctivitis may occur with mold, dust mite, pet dander, fragrance, cigarette smoke and other allergies.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a severe form of seasonal eye allergy. The condition is most commonly seen in prepubescent males during spring and summer. Allergic inflammation causes small growths on the inner eyelids. Extreme eye itchiness, copious eye discharge and light sensitivity typically occur. Topical anti-inflammatory medications are commonly used to treat vernal keratoconjunctivitis, according to the University of Iowa Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science.
Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry eye syndrome is a common condition in which the eyes fail to make sufficient tears or produce tears that evaporate too quickly, causing dryness of the eye surface. Symptoms of dry eye syndrome, also known as lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis, include eye scratchiness and stinging, redness, episodic blurred vision, eye fatigue and stringy eye mucus. Many factors can contribute to the development of dry eye syndrome, including infrequent or incomplete blinking, previous eye injury, certain medications, autoimmune disorders, LASIK surgery and advancing age. Rewetting drops and other topical medications are commonly used to treat symptoms of dry eye syndrome.
References
- Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals: Conjunctivitis
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center: Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center: Conjunctivitis
- University of Iowa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: 8 Year-Old Asthmatic Male with Reduced Vision
- National Eye Institute: Facts About Dry Eye
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