According to the American Institute of Stress, myriad physical and emotional disorders such as strokes, heart attacks, viruses, depression, high blood pressure, ulcers, ulcerative colitis, skin conditions, irritable bowel syndrome, insomnia and autoimmune diseases may be a result of, or exacerbated by, unmanaged stress and anxiety. Robert Sapolsky, a brain researcher, found that chronic stress can even shrink the hippocampus, an area in the brain that is crucial for memory and learning.
Considerations
The term "stress" was coined over 50 years ago by Hans Selye, an endocrinologist. Selye states, "Stress is the body's nonspecific response to a demand placed on it." The National Institutes of Health (NIH) describes stress as a sense of frustration, nervousness, worry or anger and explains anxiety as a continued sense of uneasiness and a feeling of apprehension or fear. Occasional stress is necessary for our survival. If you see a car careening toward you, it is the fight-or-flight reaction that can save your life. Chronic stress is what may take a serious toll on your health and well-being, hence the importance of recognizing and managing symptoms of stress and anxiety.
Physical Symptoms
According to the Mayo Clinic, physical symptoms of stress may include stomach upset, heart palpitations, chest pain, headache, sleep problems and high blood pressure. The American Institute of Stress adds the following symptoms: jaw clenching, grinding teeth, neck ache, dizziness, light-headedness, sexual dysfunction, irregular periods, dry mouth, rashes, fatigue, weight gain or loss without dieting, difficulty breathing and frequent colds and infections.
Emotional and Mental Symptoms
The American Institute of Stress lists emotional symptoms of stress and anxiety as: frequent crying spells, anger, sadness, racing thoughts, hostility, frustration, depression, mood swings, irritability, sadness, lack of focus, insecurity, forgetfulness, loneliness, feelings of being overwhelmed, suicidal thoughts and excessive worry.
Behavioral Symptoms
The American Institute of Stress and the Mayo Clinic cite behavioral symptoms of stress and anxiety as: increased smoking, alcohol and drug use, social withdrawal, being prone to frequent minor accidents, impulsive shopping, impulsive gambling, mumbled or rapid speech, reduced work productivity and efficiency, angry outbursts, relationship conflicts and obsessive behavior.
Prevention/Solution
Stress cannot be avoided, but it can be managed. The University of Georgia Health Center offers the following advice: monitor your attitude, maintain healthy eating habits, exercise at least 20 to 30 minutes a day, practice relaxation techniques, focus on getting enough sleep, maintain healthy relationships, learn time management strategies, organize and manage your finances, avoid excessive use of alcohol and tobacco and explore your spirituality.
If you feel that your stress level is out of your control, report your symptoms to your doctor. If you have thoughts of suicide, call 911.
References
- The American Institute of Stress: The Effects of Stress
- The National Institutes of Health: Stress Vs. Anxiety
- The Mayo Clinc: Stress Symptoms: Effects on Your Body, Feelings and Behavior
- University of Georgia: Managing Stress: A Guide for College Students
- Mental Health America: Americans Reveal Top Stressors, How They Cope
