People suffering from conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease use bronchodilators to help them breathe better. These types of medicines work either to relieve immediate or acute symptoms of respiratory attacks, or as preventive measures to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. Bronchodilators are typically inhaled medications, but some are available in pill form as well. Inhalation can occur with a nebulizer, a device that vaporizes the liquid medication; or through a device such as an inhaler or diskus.
Breathing Problems
Bronchodilators function by reducing swelling and opening airways to allow the person to breathe better. Yet, ironically they can also produce breathing problems, according to MayoClinic.com. For example, several types of bronchodilator medicines can cause sufferers to find it more difficult to breathe than they already did. Salmeterol and formoterol are two drugs that can cause these problems. MayoClinic.com recommends that the person experiencing such side effects consult a physician immediately.
Cough
Most bronchodilators produce some form of cough. Some, such as ipratropium, may cause a cough at the outset of treatment, but this typically stops shortly after use and without the need for medical attention. However, for both salmeterol and formoterol, a cough can be a serious side effect that needs immediate medical attention, according to MayoClinic.com. This cough may be accompanied by mucus or hoarseness.
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia, or a change in heart rhythm, is one of the most common but serious side effects of using the bronchodilator albuterol. The introduction of albuterol into the person’s body may cause the heart to beat irregularly, or it may cause it to speed up, a condition known as tachycardia. MayoClinic.com recommends immediate physician consultation for any problem of heart rhythm associated with taking a bronchodilator. Drugs.com indicates that a rapid heartbeat typically occurs with any form of bronchodilator, but in most cases should cease once the person’s body acclimates to the medicine. The organization indicates the person should ask a doctor if tachycardia continues or seems severe.
Nervousness and Trembling
Nervousness and trembling are both common side effects of bronchodilators. Drugs.com indicates that these side effects usually diminish without medical attention, but recommends asking a doctor about them if they do not end or if they feel severe.
