Methotrexate is a medication in a class of drugs known as antimetabolites. It is used to treat severe psoriasis, active rheumatoid arthritis that cannot be controlled by certain other medications, and certain types of cancer including cancers including cancer of the the uterus, breast, lung, head and neck, lymphoma and leukemia, reports MedlinePlus. If methotrexate is not taken properly according to a doctor's instruction, it may cause serious side effects.
Headache and Dizziness
Headache and dizziness are common side effects of methotrexate. Patients should use caution before driving or operating machinery until they know how this medication will affect them. Patients should consult their physician regarding the use of an over-the-counter medication for headache relief associated with methotrexate. Severe headache, or a headache that is accompanied by weakness and visual changes should be reported to a physician.
Gastrointestinal Discomfort
Methotrexate may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. Symptoms can include mouth sores, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and diminished appetite. Taking methotrexate with food or milk may help to minimize stomach discomfort. Small dietary changes such as avoiding spicy foods and eating smaller meals more frequently may help to diminish these effects. Patients who develop mouth sores should consult their physician. They may recommend the use of mouth rinses that can treat mouth sores. Severe vomiting and diarrhea may lead to dehydration and should be brought to the attention of a physician prior to taking another dose of methotrexate.
Bleeding Gums
Patients may experience bleeding gums while taking methotrexate. Using a soft bristle toothbrush and brushing gently may help decrease bleeding. Those who experience severe gum discomfort and bleeding should seek dental care. It is important that the dentist be informed that the patient is taking methotrexate.
Severe Side Effects
In some cases, methotrexate can cause severe side effects. Symptoms can include rash, blisters, peeling skin, flu-like symptoms, shortness of breath, decreased urination, blood in the urine or stool, yellowing of the skin or white part of the eye, and severe bruising, reports Drugs.com. Patients taking methotrexate should be educated about the severe side effects of this medication and know when to notify their physician.
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