The medial meniscus is located between the upper and lower halves of the knee, on the inner side of the knee. The main function of the meniscus is to absorb and dissipate shock from walking, running and jumping. The medial meniscus can be torn acutely during a movement when the foot is planted and the knee is twisted. Degenerative tears can occur as the knee ages and the meniscus becomes less spongy and more brittle.
Non-operative Treatment
If the medial meniscus tear is minor, the patient can allow some time to see if rehabilitation will sufficiently return to knee to normal. The rehabilitation program will focus on strengthening the muscles that surround the knee to improve the joint stability. A physical therapist may also utilize anti-inflammatory modalities to decrease inflammation and promote tissue healing. The patient may be fitted for a knee brace for extra comfort and support when returning to work or athletics. Minor medial meniscus tears generally take six to eight weeks to heal completely.
Partial Medial Meniscectomy
Depending on the severity and location of the meniscus tear, the physician will often perform arthroscopic surgery to remove the torn piece of tissue. Care is taken to preserve as much of the meniscus as possible, to avoid osteoarthritis of the knee later on. According to the Colorado-based Steadman Clinic, if most of the meniscus remains intact, patients usually do well and are not at risk for arthritis. This surgery is usually performed at a one-day surgical center and the patient returns home the same day. The patient is typically required to use crutches for two days and begins a program of home exercises almost immediately. Return to activity, including sports, usually occurs in four to six weeks.
Meniscal Repair
According to Steadman, meniscal repairs are attempted when the tear occurs in the outer portion of the meniscus. This repair stitches the edges of the meniscus back together in an attempt to save the entire meniscus. It is generally performed only on tears of the outer portion because the blood supply is sufficient enough to encourage healing. Following a meniscal repair, the knee joint must be protected from weight bearing and aggressive range of motion for six weeks to prevent damaging the repair. Following rehabilitation, the athlete should be able to return sports in 12 weeks.
