Foot reflexology has ancient roots, and until the early 20th century, its history has been difficult to trace, according to the University of Minnesota. Believed to be passed down through oral tradition, it was first developed into a complementary medical treatment by American physician William H. Fitzgerald, M.D. Although the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine places reflexology under the category of "massage," its delivery method and purpose are markedly different.
Foot Reflexology Foundation
According to the University of Minnesota, in 1917 Fitzgerald wrote about ten vertical zones that encompass the human body after discovering that placing pressure on a certain zone on the foot had a corresponding link to the site of an internal injury. This placement of pressure reduced pain during the course of minor surgical procedures.
Dr. Shelby Riley expanded on Fitzgerald's work, creating a more detailed map of the zones of the body and their corresponding reflex points on both the feet and hands. Riley's work was complemented by that of colleague and physiologist Eunice Ingham, who found that the feet were most responsive to pressure. Ingham's foot maps, embraced by nonmedical practitioners in the 1930s, are still used in modern reflexology.
Foot Mapping
The concept behind foot reflexology is that applying pressure on certain parts of the feet have an effect on internal organs and other body parts. There are reflexology maps for both of the feet, which reflexologists use during the course of a treatment. For example, reflex points on the left foot correspond to the entire left side of the body and all of the organs it contains, while the right foot is linked to the right side of the body, including the liver.
Integrative physician Dr. Andrew Weil explains that it is believed that reflexology can relieve tension, improve circulation and make the organs function more efficiently. There is much debate if reflexology really does all that it claims, Weil goes onto say. However, it is very relaxing.
What To Expect
The American Academy of Reflexology describes a treatment session as a pleasurable process not unlike massage therapy. However, you don't need to take off clothing—you simply kick off your shoes and peel off your socks. Treatment is delivered by a reflexologist while you lie on a comfortable table.
A reflexologist may not only work on your feet, but your hands and ears as well. Dr. Weil advises seeking a practitioner through the International Institute of Reflexology or the Reflexology Association of America.
Reflexology and Massage
Reflexology and massage are both touch-based complementary therapies, says the University of Minnesota, but the method of delivery is different. During massage, the soft tissues of the body are manipulated systematically using techniques such as kneading, tapping, stroking and friction. This results in relaxation of the muscles. Reflexologist use their thumbs and fingers on the feet, hands and ears using techniques such as "finger walking" to cause an effect on part of the body far removed from the point at which pressure is applied.
Using Reflexology Wisely
NCCAM indicates that clinical evidence supporting specific health benefits of massage therapy, the purview under which it places reflexology, is very scant. Reflexology typically poses no risk to your health. Be certain to choose a certified practitioner. Reflexology and other types of massage should not be used in place of conventional medical treatment, NCCAM cautions.
Cancer patients and those with medical conditions that affect the bones are advised to not receive any type of aggressive massage without a doctor's consent. Before you use reflexology as a complementary medical treatment, please speak with your treating physician.
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