Red, swollen gums are often the first sign of gingivitis, a gum disease that affects approximately 80 percent of the United States population, according to the National Institutes of Health. Left untreated, inflamed gums can become infected and progress to periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease that destroys the tissue and bone surrounding the teeth. The most common cause of gum disease is poor dental hygiene.
Oral Hygiene
Gum disease results from an accumulation of plaque, a combination of bacteria, food debris and acid that forms along the base of the gum line. An effective brushing routine requires careful attention to the gums and areas around fillings and crowns. A dentist or hygienist can provide further instructions and suggest special tools that may help to improve plaque removal. An electric toothbrush may do a more thorough job of cleaning the teeth, says MayoClinic.com, but the most important criteria for managing gum disease is establishing a consistent routine that includes brushing and flossing the teeth at least twice daily.
Lifestyle
A diet high in sugar and refined foods, smoking and excess alcohol consumption are factors that depress the immune system and increase the risk of developing gum disease. In times of stress, people may increase their bad habits and fail to maintain dental hygiene, which when combined with stress hormones increases bacteria and fosters an environment conducive to inflammation, according to the American Academy of Periodontology. In a study published in the February 2009 issue of the "Journal of Periodontology," researchers found a strong correlation between stress levels and the presence of gum disease, regardless of the presence of other contributing factors. The hormone cortisol--a byproduct of the stress response--is believed to contribute to a more severe form of periodontal disease.
Supplements
Vitamin deficiencies may increase the risk for gum disease, according to MotherNature.com, but there is limited evidence that supplements reduce the symptoms of gum disease in people with adequate nutrition. Coenzyme Q10 is a naturally-occurring antioxidant found in every cell of the body. With age, production of CoQ10 declines, which may be why limited studies suggest a relationship between gum disease with a deficiency in CoQ10.
Complementary health practitioners suggest the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of some herbs make them an effective natural treatment for gingivitis, and several over-the-counter remedies may contain herbal ingredients. It is important to consult with a health care professional before self-medicating with herbs.
