Thyroid hormones impact every type of cell in the human body. The thyroid gland produces three hormones that influence crucial aspects of the body’s function, such as metabolism, cell growth and blood calcium levels. When thyroid hormones levels are abnormally high or low, numerous health consequences can result. An awareness of the warning signs of thyroid problems can help a person evaluate symptoms that may require a visit to the doctor.
Weight Changes
When thyroid hormones are overproduced, rates of metabolism increase. As a result, a person with hyperthyroidism burns energy faster, which can lead to a drop in weight. Bowel movements may become more frequent, according to MedlinePlus. The hyperthyroid patient may experience increased appetite as the body tries to keep up with its increased need for fuel.
A decrease in thyroid hormone production can decrease rates of metabolism. Hashimoto’s disease is the most common form of hypothyroidism in adults. The disease is characterized by decreased thyroid activity, lower levels of thyroid hormone and a lower metabolic rate. Less energy is burned and weight gain can ensue. Another consequence of lower levels of thyroid hormone in the body is that the process of digestion is slowed and constipation can result.
Altered Energy Levels
Fatigue and lethargy are the first symptoms typically experienced in cases of decreased thyroid activity, according to MayoClinic.com. This lack of energy can worsen as a hypothyroid condition, such as Hashimoto’s disease, persists. Mental slowness can accompany the physical symptoms, with depression and forgetfulness as possible consequences.
In cases where thyroid hormone levels are abnormally high, energy levels may likewise increase. Patients with Graves’ disease, a hyperthyroid condition, often experience insomnia and restlessness accompanied by difficulty concentrating and nervousness.
Cardiac Irregularities
Even minuscule alterations in thyroid hormone levels can change the way the heart functions, according to Dr. Jerry Drucker, a professor of medicine specializing in endocrinology at the University of Toronto. A decrease in thyroid hormone can slow the heart rate, while otherwise allowing the heart to function normally. The long-term effects of hypothyroidism can result in abnormal cardiac function.
Persons suffering from hyperthyroidism typically experience rapid or irregular heart rates. Increased levels of thyroid hormone may cause the heart rate to be higher even while at rest, to accelerate more rapidly than usual and to remain elevated for longer periods before returning to resting levels. Dr. Drucker states that heart rate irregularities are commonly observed in emergency room patients with previously undiagnosed hyperthyroidism.
