The human brain regulates most organ function and is responsible for thought, memory, speech and movement, according to MedlinePlus. There are a number of different conditions that can affect the brain; they can be genetic or acquired, and have the potential to cause serious medical problems. Treatments are available to help manage symptoms and slow progression of some human brain conditions.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and the spinal cord. It is characterized by damage to the myelin sheath, the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells and allows for normal transmission of nerve signals. MS occurs when the myelin sheath is damaged through chronic inflammation, slowing down nerve signals or stopping them altogether, according to MedlinePlus. It is a degenerative disease, which means that is gets worse with time.
Symptoms vary depending on the individual condition, but usually include muscle spasms, loss of balance, numbness, tremors, urinary problems, double vision, vision loss, facial pain, depression, hearing loss, slurred speech and fatigue. There is no cure for multiple sclerosis; however, there are treatments available that may slow down the progression of this human brain condition.
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects body movement and muscle coordination. The condition is caused by abnormalities in the areas of the brain that control muscle movement. Most people with cerebral palsy are born with the condition; however, it can also occur as a result of brain damage, brain infections or head injury, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Symptoms of cerebral palsy include lack of muscle coordination, stiff or tight muscles, exaggerated reflexes and various abnormalities with walking. There is no cure for cerebral palsy, but treatment is aimed at improving symptoms and includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and medication, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a condition that affects the nerve cells in the area of the brain responsible for muscle movement. The nerve cells that produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that sends signals to control muscle movement and coordination, either stop functioning normally or die. The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but the disease usually begins around the age of 60, according to MedlinePlus.
Symptoms include trembling in the hands, arms, legs and face, body stiffness, slow movement and problems with balance and coordination. There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but there are a number of medications available to help reduce the severity of symptoms.
