Heartburn results from movement of stomach acid into the esophagus. Also known as acid reflux, this action occurs because a muscle in the esophagus, called the lower esophageal sphincter, weakens and does not close properly to prevent acid from flowing back up into the esophagus. Some people experience acid reflux occasionally. People who suffer from acid reflux more than two times a week may have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. There are various generic drugs for acid reflux that are helpful in preventing symptoms.
H2 Blockers
H2 blockers, available under the generic names of cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine, come in over-the-counter and prescription-strength forms. The drugs provide short-term relief and help block acid production. About half of GERD sufferers experience relief with H2 blockers, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Patients with mild acid reflux symptoms have a greater rate of success with H2 blockers.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Generic prescription proton pump inhibitors include omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and esomeprazole. Some omeprazole products are available in over-the-counter form. Proton pump inhibitors may work more effectively than H2 blockers by relieving symptoms of acid reflux and healing the esophageal lining, which can be damaged by frequent episodes. Proton pump inhibitors have been found to heal esophagitis, an erosive condition, faster than H2 blockers, according to the American College of Gastroenterology. Many patients use the medication for years without adverse side effects. These drugs can also eliminate symptoms for people with esophageal ulcers.
Prokinetics
Prokinetics help empty the stomach faster than other drugs to reduce acid buildup and reflux. They also strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter by tightening the valve between the stomach and esophagus, MayoClinic.com explains. Generic forms of these drugs include bethanechol and metoclopramide. Metoclopramide also improves muscle action in the digestive tract. Prokinetics may have side effects that include fatigue, insomnia, depression and anxiety. They may also cause neurological problems that affect movement.
Antacids
People with mild or infrequent bouts of acid reflux find over-the-counter antacids useful. Antacids can relief heartburn and mild GERD symptoms. These products usually contain magnesium, calcium and aluminum salts along with hydroxide and bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acids. Manufacturers use the ingredients in different combinations to make their generic products. The calcium and aluminum ingredients can cause constipation, while the magnesium has the side effect of diarrhea. People who find they are using antacids often may need to consider stronger medication.
