A burning sensation felt in the upper chest and throat called heartburn may occur after eating, lying down, bending over or during times of stress. Heartburn results from acid reflux, the movement of stomach acid back into the esophagus. Acid reflux is the action that brings on the burning feeling. Acid reflux and heartburn happen on occasion to many people. Some people, however, suffer from frequent episodes of acid reflux and have a condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, known as GERD.
Function
Acid reflux arises when a muscle valve in the esophagus, called the lower esophageal sphincter, weakens. It normally opens when food and beverages enter the stomach and then closes to prevent backup of stomach contents. When the valve does not shut tightly, digestive juices and acids rise back up into the esophagus to cause acid reflux and the feelings of heartburn.
Medications
Many people find acid reflux relief through over-the-counter antacids, which alleviate heartburn quickly. Stronger acid blockers are also available over the counter to provide prevention of acid reflux over a longer period of time. They help reduce the production of stomach acid. Acid blockers don’t relieve heartburn as fast as antacids. They are usually consumed to avoid symptoms for people who know they may experience acid reflux after eating certain foods.
Causes
Particular foods trigger acid reflux for different people. Many of the foods that cause the reaction include fatty or spicy foods, tomato products, citrus fruits, onions, chocolate or peppermints, according to FamilyDoctor.org. Alcohol, coffee and carbonated drinks may also cause heartburn. Certain medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, sedatives and some medicines for high blood pressure can cause acid reflux. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of heartburn, because extra weight puts pressure on the abdomen. Overeating and lying down too soon after eating may result in heartburn.
GERD
People who suffer from acid reflux two or more times a week are considered to have GERD, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. In these cases, the lower esophageal sphincter is permanently damaged and weakened, resulting in persistent acid reflux episodes. Diet and lifestyle changes help reduce the symptoms, but stronger medication may also be necessary.
Prevention
GERD patients usually benefit from prescription-strength H2 blockers, which reduce the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Proton pump inhibitors provide more effective relief by relieving symptoms and healing the esophageal lining, which can be damaged from frequent acid reflux. Prokinetics empty the stomach more quickly to reduce acid contents and strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter. The medication chosen depends on the person and the condition. In some cases, medication fails to reduce symptoms and surgery may be necessary. Several surgical techniques can strengthen the esophageal valve, often with success.
