Colorectal cancer occurs when malignant cancer cells begin to grow and spread within the colon or rectum. According to MayoClinic.com, most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps which over time may become cancer. The best way to detect colorectal cancer early is through preventative screenings such as a routine physician examination, blood work, and a colonoscopy. Patients with a family history of colorectal cancer may need to begin screening at an earlier age. Some side effects are associated with colorectal cancer that patients should be aware of.
Alteration in Bowel Habits
Patients with colorectal cancer may notice a change in their daily bowel habits. Symptoms can include diarrhea, constipation, or a change in the consistency of the stool for more than a couple of weeks, according to the MayoClinic.com. Some patients can develop bloody stools, which can range from dark and tarry in color to those with bright red blood. Patients may also feel the constant urge to have a bowel movement that is not relieved after having one. Not all patients will develop these symptoms. These symptoms can also indicate infection, hemorrhoids, dietary changes, or side effects of medications. Patients who experience an alteration in bowel habits or bloody stools should consult their health care provider.
Abdominal Discomfort
Colorectal cancer may cause abdominal discomfort. Symptoms can include cramping, abdominal pain and gas. According to the MayoClinic.com, many people with colon cancer experience no symptoms in the early stages of the disease; however when symptoms appear, they'll likely vary, depending on the cancer's size and location. Persistent abdominal discomfort should be reported to a physician. They may recommend a colonoscopy, which is a screening test in which a scope is passed through the rectum into the large intestine to check for abnormalities.
Weight Loss and Fatigue
Patients with colorectal cancer may experience unintended weight loss and fatigue. In some cases, this can be attributed to an increase in blood loss through the stool, causing one to become anemic. Although vague, these symptoms may be a warning sign and should be brought to the attention of a physician. Anemia can be detected through serum blood work and physical examination. If anemic, more testing may be recommended to determine if blood loss is coming from the colon or rectum, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
