According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, alcoholism is characterized by the need or urge to drink, not being able to stop drinking, experiencing symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and the need to drink greater quantities of alcohol to feel its effects. Alcoholism is a disease that has physical, mental and social effects. Alcohol use can precipitate psychological changes.
Depression
Individuals who depend on a substance such as alcohol may experience depression or some of the symptoms of depression. A drinker may view alcohol as an escape; however, sometimes drinking alcohol can lead to feelings of sadness, helplessness or hopelessness. People who cannot control their drinking might experience a loss of interest in activities they normally enjoy. In addition, alcoholism can exacerbate problems related to work, relationships or finances, resulting in symptoms of depression and a negative spiral of events related to alcohol use.
Anxiety and Withdrawal Symptoms
According to Casa Palmera, alcohol affects the nervous system, resulting in feelings of anxiety, fear and restlessness. In addition, individuals who are addicted to a substance often experience withdrawal symptoms, which can include feelings of anxiety. Physical dependence on alcohol may produce withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, hallucinations, shakiness, irritability, insomnia and headaches.
Changes in Behavior
Addiction to alcohol can lead to compulsive or obsessive behavior related to the need to drink. Alcoholism can lead to interpersonal problems with loved ones and coworkers. It can also lead to violent or abusive behaviors. In some cases, an individual under the influence of alcohol may engage in illegal or risky activities. Drinking alcohol can also impair judgment, placing intoxicated individuals in danger of being victimized.
Denial
People with alcoholism experience denial about their disease. Denial obstructs them from getting the help that they need to treat their addiction. Denial about alcoholism manifests in attitudes about drinking. For example, some drinkers might underestimate the amount of drinking they do or the problems that the drinking is causing. They may also blame their drinking on others. Denial may lead a person with alcoholism to believe that he is in control and can stop drinking at any time.
References
- Help Guide: Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
- Casa Palmera: The Mental Effects of Alcoholism
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: FAQs for the General Public
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and SAMHSA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information: Alcohol: What You Don’t Know Can Harm You
