Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, or COPD, are a group of lung diseases that block airflow to and from the lungs, states MayoClinic.com. COPD progressively worsens and makes it increasingly difficult for patients to breathe properly. COPD can be only one obstructive disease, or a combination of two or more obstructive diseases. Understanding which diseases make up COPD can aid clinicians in treating their patients.
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchitis is irritation or inflammation of the bronchi, or airways within the lungs, according to FamilyDoctor.org. As these airways become irritated, they start to swell and produce a think mucus. The swelling and mucus block the airways and make if difficult for air to move in and out from the lungs. A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis is made when a patient suffers from bronchitis for at least three months. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis include a cough with sputum, difficulty breathing and a sensation of tightness in the chest.
Emphysema
Emphysema is a lung disease that destroys tissues in the lungs called alveoli. Alveoli are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the lungs. Without these tissues, a patient will be unable to breathe properly. Emphysema patients develop a chronic cough and have trouble breathing during and after strenuous physical activity. Smoking cigarettes is the most common cause of emphysema, and patients who quit smoking will prevent the progression of the disease. Treatment for this type of COPD includes oxygen therapy, inhalers and surgery.
Chronic Asthmatic Bronchitis
Chronic asthmatic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reports MayoClinic.com. The disease is a form of bronchitis that is also associated with asthma. Asthma is a condition that causes the airways to constrict when exposed to certain stressors, such as pollen or exercise. This constriction, combined with the inflammation and mucus production seen in bronchitis, obstructs the airways. Patients suffer from extreme trouble breathing, chest discomfort and a chronic cough. Treatment for this condition includes the use of asthma medications to prevent an asthma attack and oxygen therapy to keep the patient’s blood oxygen levels high.
