Accidents, sports play and occupational tasks all claim their share of muscle injury cases. The type of injury stems from the type of problematic motion involved, the person’s physical condition and other incidental factors. Both hardworking laborers and weekend warriors are at increased risk for muscle strain. Chronic overuse, improper warm-up or traumatic muscle damage can stretch or tear the muscle tissue fibers or blood vessels. Patients can usually identify the causes of their symptoms by defining the injury type.
Bruises
Intramuscular bruises, also called contusions and hematomas, are deeper than mild subcutaneous bruises and may be more painful. People develop this muscle damage when a traumatic impact with an object breaks the small blood vessels that serve their muscle or group of muscles. Patients will see a visible discoloration at the skin surface, which is caused by fluid leaked from the severed blood vessels into the surrounding soft tissue. The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that this muscle injury type commonly results from body blows, car collisions and falls.
Acute Strains
An acute muscle strain, or pull, happens suddenly when too much weight or too much force is placed on one area of the body. Lifting heavy objects or performing sports that require strenuous running or jumping may cause this type of acute muscle damage. Poor physical fitness contributes to a higher risk for it.
The NYU Langone Medical Center describes the process of this muscle injury as a separation of muscle tissue fibers. When woven together normally, they possess a certain amount of strength; when stretched or pulled apart, they become too weak to perform their task adequately.
Chronic Strains
Muscle damage can occur gradually when a person uses the same muscle group over and over again, or places continual stress on it. Back muscle strain is common. The Cleveland Clinic reports that overuse of the lower back is the most prevalent occupational ailment in America and Europe. Sports injuries and household tasks are also responsible for overuse strains. Repetitive movements, especially those that involve a joint, may harm muscles over time. The NYU Langone Medical Center notes that muscles that cross two joints, such as in the extremities, are at particularly high risk for muscle injury.
Ruptures
A severe muscle strain that fully gives way and tears is said to rupture. Muscle rupture can also be caused in reaction to steroid injections or from a deep cut. According to the Mayo Clinic, a moderate to severe wound will require first aid to stop the bleeding and stitches to prevent the damaged muscle tissue from becoming infected.
