The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, fingernails and toenails. According to the Franklin Institute, it supports the excretory or urinary system in removing waste from the body. Most diseases of the integumentary system affect the skin, the largest organ in the body. These diseases can range from mild to very serious.
Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and the leading cause of death from skin disease, according to Medline Plus. Melanoma affects the skin cells called melanocytes, which are responsible for producing the skin pigment melanin. Melanoma usually begins as a mole that has changed in appearance, but can also present as a lump, sore or skin growth. Moles that are present at birth can develop into melanoma. The development of melanoma is directly related to sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation. The risk of developing melanoma is higher in those who use tanning beds, live in sunny climates, have had blistering sunburns as a child and those who are have fair skin, light eyes and red or blond hair.
Treatment of melanoma involves surgical removal of the cancerous skin cells and some surrounding tissue, depending on how much the cancer has spread. If melanoma is caught early enough, it can usually be cured, so it is important to get yearly check-ups by a dermatologist.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic condition characterized by the rapid accumulation of cells on the skin's surface, which results in thick, white scales and red, dry patches that are itchy and sometimes painful. Psoriasis is caused by an immune system malfunction in which white blood cells mistakenly attack healthy skin cells as a wound or an infection. The reason for the immune system malfunction is unknown. In addition to thick scales and itchy red patches, other symptoms of psoriasis include burning, soreness, thickened or ridged nails and swollen, stiff joints. Most cases of psoriasis go through cycles, with symptoms appearing for several weeks or months and then disappearing for a period of time, according to Mayo Clinic. Treatment of psoriasis usually consists of topical ointments, but may also include oral medication in severe cases.
Cutaneous Skin Tags
Cutaneous skin tags are small, benign skin growths that usually occur after midlife. The skin tags stick out of the skin and often have short stalks that connect them to the surface of the skin. Cutaneous skin tags are more common in those who are overweight or have diabetes, according to Medline Plus. They are believed to form as a result of continuous rubbing and usually appear in skin folds, such as in the armpits or under the breasts. Skin tags are not accompanied by any other symptom and do not cause any complications. If a skin tag looks abnormal, a biopsy may be done to rule out other more serious conditions. Treatment available for skin tags includes cryotherapy or freezing; and cautery which removes the growth by burning it.
