Pain relieving medications, also known as analgesics, are drugs that have the ability to relieve a variety of different kinds of pain such as headaches, backache and pain associated with trauma. There are a wide variety of different pain medications, available both over-the-counter and by prescription. According to the National Institutes of Health, some types of pain responds better to certain medications than others. Each medication has potential side effects and a doctor can help determine which is most appropriate for an individual’s situation.
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, are a common form of over-the-counter analgesic. These drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, are effective at reducing pain but also help keep inflammation down, which is why they are so commonly used for arthritis and other musculoskeletal pain. NSAIDs work by blocking the function of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, or COX, which is a part of the pain and inflammation cycle in the body, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. NSAIDs can cause stomach upset and bleeding, rash, dizziness and headache.
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is another drug available over the counter. It is both a pain reliever and fever reducer. According to Drugs.com, acetaminophen should not be taken in excess, because it can lead to serious harm. This medication is commonly used to treat backache, headache, toothache, arthritis, colds and fevers.
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen
A powerful pain relieving drug combination is hydrocodone and acetaminophen. These drugs, marketed under the brand names of Vicodin, Lorcet and Lortab, are effective because the acetaminophen increases the ability of the hydrocodone to block pain. These medications are in a class of pain relievers called narcotics, which means that they have morphine-like effects. They cause drowsiness and block the brain's ability to register the sense of pain. Narcotics have a wide range of possible adverse side effects that include drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, mental dysfunction and physical dependence, according to Rxlist.com. These drugs are some of the most commonly abused prescription drugs.
Oxycodone
Oxycodone is also an opiate narcotic pain reliever and works by changing the way the brain perceives pain signals. According to the National Institutes of Health, oxycodone can be habit-forming and care should be taken to follow the directions of the prescribing physician carefully when taking this medication. Potential side effects include nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, weakness, sweating and headache. As with all medications, there is the potential for more serious side effects related to an allergic reaction. Anyone who experiences changes in heartbeat, difficulty breathing, rash or swelling, should seek immediate medical attention.
Morphine
Morphine is a prescription opioid narcotic that is a very powerful pain reliever. It is used in cases of severe pain. It has all the potential side effects that the other narcotics do and should be taken carefully, following the instructions of a doctor.
