Chronic degenerative diseases are long-lasting diseases that are characterized by a slow, progressive deterioration. There are a number of different chronic degenerative diseases that can affect different parts of the body. According to the World Health Organization, chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disease that gradually destroys memory and thinking skills and the ability to carry out minor tasks. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and symptoms usually appear after the age of 60, according to the National Institute on Aging. Damage to the brain can begin 10 to 20 years before symptoms become apparent. Damage begins in small areas of the brain and over time becomes widespread and affects most of the area of the brain.
Initial symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease include memory loss, poor judgment, minor mood changes, and difficulty completing daily tasks such as handling money or driving a car. As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, confusion develops and those affected may have difficulty getting dressed or the inability to recognize family and friends. Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and impulsive behavior are also common at this moderate stage of Alzheimer’s disease. When the disease becomes severe, those with Alzheimer’s have usually lost all brain function and are unable to care for themselves. Medications and behavioral therapy are used to delay the progression of the disease.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by progressive loss of bone structure. When bones lose part of their structure, they become more porous and thus more susceptible to fractures. Most osteoporosis-related fractures occur in the hip, spine, wrist, arm or leg, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Osteoporosis develops over a number of years, and oftentimes the disease is not apparent until a fracture occurs. As osteoporosis progresses, it can result in a loss of height and a rounded upper back. Bone that has already been lost cannot be replaced, but adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D combined with a regular exercise routine may slow the progression of osteoporosis and prevent further bone loss. There are also medications available that can decrease further bone loss.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a degenerative disease that affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that are responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. The nerve cells die, which makes them unable to send messages to the muscles.
Early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include muscle weakening, twitching and inability to move the muscles in the arms and legs. Additional symptoms include difficulty swallowing, speech problems and voice changes. As the condition worsens, the muscles in the chest become weak and independent breathing is no longer possible, according to MedlinePlus. There is no cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and prolonging life and includes medication, nutrition support and physical therapy.
