The 24-hour intestinal flu, which is sometimes called the stomach flu, is actually a condition called gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is an irritation or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Anyone who has had the 24-hour intestinal flu never wants to get it again. Knowing the causes and preventative measures can go a long way to that end.
Identification
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases says that gastroenteritis actually infects the small intestines, not the stomach. The symptoms tend to last one to two days, but in some cases the illness can persist for a week or longer. It can strike anyone at any age, however it is more dangerous in children, the elderly and those with compromised immune systems.
Causes and Symptoms
The intestinal flu is highly contagious and is spread via contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person. It can also be acquired through ingesting contaminated food or water, according to the Mayo Clinic. In most cases the illness is not serious and resolves on its own. The primary symptoms are diarrhea, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, headaches and muscle aches. These symptoms can be mild or severe, and there is no way to predict how the illness will affect each person.
Diagnosis
In most cases gastroenteritis resolves on its own and does not require a trip to the doctor. But if the symptoms last longer than a day or two, it is important to seek medical attention. A diagnosis of gastroenteritis is confirmed through a physical exam and a review of the symptoms. The Merck website says the physician will also determine whether the patient was exposed to someone with gastroenteritis or if he consumed anything that was contaminated. Recent travel to countries where water could have been contaminated can be another clue. Stool samples may be examined for the presence of viruses. If symptoms are persistent, a colonoscopy can be performed to rule out other causes.
Management
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that the most important step in the management of the intestinal flu is preventing dehydration, especially in high risk individuals. A physician may recommend the use of an oral rehydration solution for infants and children. While water is best for preventing dehydration, older children and adults may benefit from sports drinks that contain electrolytes. Getting plenty of sleep and following a liquid diet for 24 to 48 hours to give the stomach a rest can help. Once food is tolerated it is best to consume a bland diet until symptoms subside. But it is not recommended to severely restrict the diet for too long. If symptoms persist longer than 48 hours, consult a physician. If other symptoms such as stomach cramps, headaches and muscle pain are severe, a doctor may prescribe medications. Because this condition usually resolves on its own within a day or two, though, medication is rarely advised.
Prevention/Solution
The best bet is to take steps to prevent getting sick. Infants can be vaccinated against this illness. Avoiding contaminated food and water is necessary. In addition, vigilant hand-washing practices with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer are essential. The Mayo Clinic recommends washing the hands after touching anyone else, petting an animal, touching the face, nose or eyes, handling food, emptying garbage, going to the bathroom and coming in contact with surfaces in public areas. Hands should be scrubbed for 20 seconds, or about the time it takes to sing happy birthday twice. But it is important to avoid the overuse of antibacterial soaps and cleaners, as this can make germs more resistant. Warm water and plain soap work the best.
References
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Gastroenteritis
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu)
- Merck: Gastroenteritis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Viral Gastroenteritis
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: Hand Washing Do's and Dont's
